minor fixes to the debug printout of the main example

This commit is contained in:
Carl Fredrik Samson
2020-04-11 00:23:39 +02:00
parent 8934c46679
commit 02bb33c6b6
22 changed files with 1881 additions and 1616 deletions

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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@
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@@ -240,37 +243,37 @@ you see, this works as expected:</p>
println!(&quot;a: {}, b: {}&quot;, test2.a(), test2.b());
}
# use std::pin::Pin;
# #[derive(Debug)]
# struct Test {
# a: String,
# b: *const String,
# }
#
# impl Test {
# fn new(txt: &amp;str) -&gt; Self {
# let a = String::from(txt);
# Test {
# a,
# b: std::ptr::null(),
# }
# }
#
# // We need an `init` method to actually set our self-reference
# fn init(&amp;mut self) {
# let self_ref: *const String = &amp;self.a;
# self.b = self_ref;
# }
#
# fn a(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;str {
# &amp;self.a
# }
#
# fn b(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;String {
# unsafe {&amp;*(self.b)}
# }
# }
</code></pre></pre>
<span class="boring">use std::pin::Pin;
</span><span class="boring">#[derive(Debug)]
</span><span class="boring">struct Test {
</span><span class="boring"> a: String,
</span><span class="boring"> b: *const String,
</span><span class="boring">}
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring">impl Test {
</span><span class="boring"> fn new(txt: &amp;str) -&gt; Self {
</span><span class="boring"> let a = String::from(txt);
</span><span class="boring"> Test {
</span><span class="boring"> a,
</span><span class="boring"> b: std::ptr::null(),
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> // We need an `init` method to actually set our self-reference
</span><span class="boring"> fn init(&amp;mut self) {
</span><span class="boring"> let self_ref: *const String = &amp;self.a;
</span><span class="boring"> self.b = self_ref;
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn a(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;str {
</span><span class="boring"> &amp;self.a
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn b(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;String {
</span><span class="boring"> unsafe {&amp;*(self.b)}
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>In our main method we first instantiate two instances of <code>Test</code> and print out
the value of the fields on <code>test1</code>. We get what we'd expect:</p>
<pre><code class="language-rust ignore">a: test1, b: test1
@@ -290,36 +293,36 @@ which <code>test1</code> is pointing to with the data stored at the memory locat
println!(&quot;a: {}, b: {}&quot;, test2.a(), test2.b());
}
# use std::pin::Pin;
# #[derive(Debug)]
# struct Test {
# a: String,
# b: *const String,
# }
#
# impl Test {
# fn new(txt: &amp;str) -&gt; Self {
# let a = String::from(txt);
# Test {
# a,
# b: std::ptr::null(),
# }
# }
#
# fn init(&amp;mut self) {
# let self_ref: *const String = &amp;self.a;
# self.b = self_ref;
# }
#
# fn a(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;str {
# &amp;self.a
# }
#
# fn b(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;String {
# unsafe {&amp;*(self.b)}
# }
# }
</code></pre></pre>
<span class="boring">use std::pin::Pin;
</span><span class="boring">#[derive(Debug)]
</span><span class="boring">struct Test {
</span><span class="boring"> a: String,
</span><span class="boring"> b: *const String,
</span><span class="boring">}
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring">impl Test {
</span><span class="boring"> fn new(txt: &amp;str) -&gt; Self {
</span><span class="boring"> let a = String::from(txt);
</span><span class="boring"> Test {
</span><span class="boring"> a,
</span><span class="boring"> b: std::ptr::null(),
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn init(&amp;mut self) {
</span><span class="boring"> let self_ref: *const String = &amp;self.a;
</span><span class="boring"> self.b = self_ref;
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn a(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;str {
</span><span class="boring"> &amp;self.a
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn b(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;String {
</span><span class="boring"> unsafe {&amp;*(self.b)}
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Naively, we could think that what we should get a debug print of <code>test1</code> two
times like this</p>
<pre><code class="language-rust ignore">a: test1, b: test1
@@ -346,36 +349,36 @@ be tied to the lifetime of <code>test2</code> anymore.</p>
println!(&quot;a: {}, b: {}&quot;, test2.a(), test2.b());
}
# use std::pin::Pin;
# #[derive(Debug)]
# struct Test {
# a: String,
# b: *const String,
# }
#
# impl Test {
# fn new(txt: &amp;str) -&gt; Self {
# let a = String::from(txt);
# Test {
# a,
# b: std::ptr::null(),
# }
# }
#
# fn init(&amp;mut self) {
# let self_ref: *const String = &amp;self.a;
# self.b = self_ref;
# }
#
# fn a(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;str {
# &amp;self.a
# }
#
# fn b(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;String {
# unsafe {&amp;*(self.b)}
# }
# }
</code></pre></pre>
<span class="boring">use std::pin::Pin;
</span><span class="boring">#[derive(Debug)]
</span><span class="boring">struct Test {
</span><span class="boring"> a: String,
</span><span class="boring"> b: *const String,
</span><span class="boring">}
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring">impl Test {
</span><span class="boring"> fn new(txt: &amp;str) -&gt; Self {
</span><span class="boring"> let a = String::from(txt);
</span><span class="boring"> Test {
</span><span class="boring"> a,
</span><span class="boring"> b: std::ptr::null(),
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn init(&amp;mut self) {
</span><span class="boring"> let self_ref: *const String = &amp;self.a;
</span><span class="boring"> self.b = self_ref;
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn a(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;str {
</span><span class="boring"> &amp;self.a
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn b(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;String {
</span><span class="boring"> unsafe {&amp;*(self.b)}
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>That shouldn't happen. There is no serious error yet, but as you can imagine
it's easy to create serious bugs using this code.</p>
<p>I created a diagram to help visualize what's going on:</p>
@@ -442,42 +445,42 @@ we'll show in a second.</p>
println!(&quot;a: {}, b: {}&quot;, Test::a(test1.as_ref()), Test::b(test1.as_ref()));
println!(&quot;a: {}, b: {}&quot;, Test::a(test2.as_ref()), Test::b(test2.as_ref()));
}
# use std::pin::Pin;
# use std::marker::PhantomPinned;
#
# #[derive(Debug)]
# struct Test {
# a: String,
# b: *const String,
# _marker: PhantomPinned,
# }
#
#
# impl Test {
# fn new(txt: &amp;str) -&gt; Self {
# let a = String::from(txt);
# Test {
# a,
# b: std::ptr::null(),
# // This makes our type `!Unpin`
# _marker: PhantomPinned,
# }
# }
# fn init&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a mut Self&gt;) {
# let self_ptr: *const String = &amp;self.a;
# let this = unsafe { self.get_unchecked_mut() };
# this.b = self_ptr;
# }
#
# fn a&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a Self&gt;) -&gt; &amp;'a str {
# &amp;self.get_ref().a
# }
#
# fn b&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a Self&gt;) -&gt; &amp;'a String {
# unsafe { &amp;*(self.b) }
# }
# }
</code></pre></pre>
<span class="boring">use std::pin::Pin;
</span><span class="boring">use std::marker::PhantomPinned;
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring">#[derive(Debug)]
</span><span class="boring">struct Test {
</span><span class="boring"> a: String,
</span><span class="boring"> b: *const String,
</span><span class="boring"> _marker: PhantomPinned,
</span><span class="boring">}
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring">impl Test {
</span><span class="boring"> fn new(txt: &amp;str) -&gt; Self {
</span><span class="boring"> let a = String::from(txt);
</span><span class="boring"> Test {
</span><span class="boring"> a,
</span><span class="boring"> b: std::ptr::null(),
</span><span class="boring"> // This makes our type `!Unpin`
</span><span class="boring"> _marker: PhantomPinned,
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring"> fn init&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a mut Self&gt;) {
</span><span class="boring"> let self_ptr: *const String = &amp;self.a;
</span><span class="boring"> let this = unsafe { self.get_unchecked_mut() };
</span><span class="boring"> this.b = self_ptr;
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn a&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a Self&gt;) -&gt; &amp;'a str {
</span><span class="boring"> &amp;self.get_ref().a
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn b&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a Self&gt;) -&gt; &amp;'a String {
</span><span class="boring"> unsafe { &amp;*(self.b) }
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>Now, if we try to pull the same trick which got us in to trouble the last time
you'll get a compilation error.</p>
<pre><pre class="playpen"><code class="language-rust compile_fail">pub fn main() {
@@ -493,42 +496,42 @@ you'll get a compilation error.</p>
std::mem::swap(test1.get_mut(), test2.get_mut());
println!(&quot;a: {}, b: {}&quot;, Test::a(test2.as_ref()), Test::b(test2.as_ref()));
}
# use std::pin::Pin;
# use std::marker::PhantomPinned;
#
# #[derive(Debug)]
# struct Test {
# a: String,
# b: *const String,
# _marker: PhantomPinned,
# }
#
#
# impl Test {
# fn new(txt: &amp;str) -&gt; Self {
# let a = String::from(txt);
# Test {
# a,
# b: std::ptr::null(),
# // This makes our type `!Unpin`
# _marker: PhantomPinned,
# }
# }
# fn init&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a mut Self&gt;) {
# let self_ptr: *const String = &amp;self.a;
# let this = unsafe { self.get_unchecked_mut() };
# this.b = self_ptr;
# }
#
# fn a&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a Self&gt;) -&gt; &amp;'a str {
# &amp;self.get_ref().a
# }
#
# fn b&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a Self&gt;) -&gt; &amp;'a String {
# unsafe { &amp;*(self.b) }
# }
# }
</code></pre></pre>
<span class="boring">use std::pin::Pin;
</span><span class="boring">use std::marker::PhantomPinned;
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring">#[derive(Debug)]
</span><span class="boring">struct Test {
</span><span class="boring"> a: String,
</span><span class="boring"> b: *const String,
</span><span class="boring"> _marker: PhantomPinned,
</span><span class="boring">}
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring">impl Test {
</span><span class="boring"> fn new(txt: &amp;str) -&gt; Self {
</span><span class="boring"> let a = String::from(txt);
</span><span class="boring"> Test {
</span><span class="boring"> a,
</span><span class="boring"> b: std::ptr::null(),
</span><span class="boring"> // This makes our type `!Unpin`
</span><span class="boring"> _marker: PhantomPinned,
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring"> fn init&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a mut Self&gt;) {
</span><span class="boring"> let self_ptr: *const String = &amp;self.a;
</span><span class="boring"> let this = unsafe { self.get_unchecked_mut() };
</span><span class="boring"> this.b = self_ptr;
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn a&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a Self&gt;) -&gt; &amp;'a str {
</span><span class="boring"> &amp;self.get_ref().a
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn b&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a Self&gt;) -&gt; &amp;'a String {
</span><span class="boring"> unsafe { &amp;*(self.b) }
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>As you see from the error you get by running the code the type system prevents
us from swapping the pinned pointers.</p>
<blockquote>
@@ -549,43 +552,43 @@ after it's initialized like this:</p>
mem::swap(&amp;mut test1, &amp;mut test2);
println!(&quot;Not self referential anymore: {:?}&quot;, test1.b);
}
# use std::pin::Pin;
# use std::marker::PhantomPinned;
# use std::mem;
#
# #[derive(Debug)]
# struct Test {
# a: String,
# b: *const String,
# _marker: PhantomPinned,
# }
#
#
# impl Test {
# fn new(txt: &amp;str) -&gt; Self {
# let a = String::from(txt);
# Test {
# a,
# b: std::ptr::null(),
# // This makes our type `!Unpin`
# _marker: PhantomPinned,
# }
# }
# fn init&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a mut Self&gt;) {
# let self_ptr: *const String = &amp;self.a;
# let this = unsafe { self.get_unchecked_mut() };
# this.b = self_ptr;
# }
#
# fn a&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a Self&gt;) -&gt; &amp;'a str {
# &amp;self.get_ref().a
# }
#
# fn b&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a Self&gt;) -&gt; &amp;'a String {
# unsafe { &amp;*(self.b) }
# }
# }
</code></pre></pre>
<span class="boring">use std::pin::Pin;
</span><span class="boring">use std::marker::PhantomPinned;
</span><span class="boring">use std::mem;
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring">#[derive(Debug)]
</span><span class="boring">struct Test {
</span><span class="boring"> a: String,
</span><span class="boring"> b: *const String,
</span><span class="boring"> _marker: PhantomPinned,
</span><span class="boring">}
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring">impl Test {
</span><span class="boring"> fn new(txt: &amp;str) -&gt; Self {
</span><span class="boring"> let a = String::from(txt);
</span><span class="boring"> Test {
</span><span class="boring"> a,
</span><span class="boring"> b: std::ptr::null(),
</span><span class="boring"> // This makes our type `!Unpin`
</span><span class="boring"> _marker: PhantomPinned,
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring"> fn init&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a mut Self&gt;) {
</span><span class="boring"> let self_ptr: *const String = &amp;self.a;
</span><span class="boring"> let this = unsafe { self.get_unchecked_mut() };
</span><span class="boring"> this.b = self_ptr;
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn a&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a Self&gt;) -&gt; &amp;'a str {
</span><span class="boring"> &amp;self.get_ref().a
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">
</span><span class="boring"> fn b&lt;'a&gt;(self: Pin&lt;&amp;'a Self&gt;) -&gt; &amp;'a String {
</span><span class="boring"> unsafe { &amp;*(self.b) }
</span><span class="boring"> }
</span><span class="boring">}
</span></code></pre></pre>
</blockquote>
<h2><a class="header" href="#pinning-to-the-heap" id="pinning-to-the-heap">Pinning to the heap</a></h2>
<p>For completeness let's remove some unsafe and the need for an <code>init</code> method
@@ -902,6 +905,18 @@ we want to be able to safely borrow across <code>yield/await</code> points.</p>
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