feat: add dependency

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[package]
+name = "boa_ast"
+description = "Abstract Syntax Tree definition for the Boa JavaScript engine."
+keywords = ["javascript", "js", "syntax", "ast"]
+categories = ["parser-implementations", "compilers"]
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+
+[features]
+serde = ["boa_interner/serde", "dep:serde"]
+
+fuzz = ["arbitrary", "boa_interner/fuzz", "num-bigint/arbitrary"]
+
+[dependencies]
+boa_interner.workspace = true
+boa_macros.workspace = true
+rustc-hash = "1.1.0"
+serde = { version = "1.0.152", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
+bitflags = "1.3.2"
+num-bigint = "0.4.3"
+arbitrary = { version = "1", optional = true, features = ["derive"] }

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/declaration/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+//! The [`Declaration`] Parse Node, as defined by the [spec].
+//!
+//! ECMAScript declarations include:
+//! - [Lexical][lex] declarations (`let`, `const`).
+//! - [Function][fun] declarations (`function`, `async function`).
+//! - [Class][class] declarations.
+//!
+//! See [*Difference between statements and declarations*][diff] for an explanation on why `Declaration`s
+//! and `Statement`s are distinct nodes.
+//!
+//! [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-Declaration
+//! [lex]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-LexicalDeclaration
+//! [fun]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-HoistableDeclaration
+//! [class]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ClassDeclaration
+//! [diff]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements#difference_between_statements_and_declarations
+
+use super::function::{AsyncFunction, AsyncGenerator, Class, Function, Generator};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+mod variable;
+
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+pub use variable::*;
+
+/// The `Declaration` Parse Node.
+///
+/// See the [module level documentation][self] for more information.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Declaration {
+    /// See [`Function`]
+    Function(Function),
+
+    /// See [`Generator`]
+    Generator(Generator),
+
+    /// See [`AsyncFunction`]
+    AsyncFunction(AsyncFunction),
+
+    /// See [`AsyncGenerator`]
+    AsyncGenerator(AsyncGenerator),
+
+    /// See [`Class`]
+    Class(Class),
+
+    /// See [`LexicalDeclaration`]
+    Lexical(LexicalDeclaration),
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for Declaration {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Function(f) => f.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::Generator(g) => g.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::AsyncFunction(af) => af.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::AsyncGenerator(ag) => ag.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::Class(c) => c.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::Lexical(l) => {
+                let mut s = l.to_interned_string(interner);
+                s.push(';');
+                s
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Declaration {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Function(f) => visitor.visit_function(f),
+            Self::Generator(g) => visitor.visit_generator(g),
+            Self::AsyncFunction(af) => visitor.visit_async_function(af),
+            Self::AsyncGenerator(ag) => visitor.visit_async_generator(ag),
+            Self::Class(c) => visitor.visit_class(c),
+            Self::Lexical(ld) => visitor.visit_lexical_declaration(ld),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Function(f) => visitor.visit_function_mut(f),
+            Self::Generator(g) => visitor.visit_generator_mut(g),
+            Self::AsyncFunction(af) => visitor.visit_async_function_mut(af),
+            Self::AsyncGenerator(ag) => visitor.visit_async_generator_mut(ag),
+            Self::Class(c) => visitor.visit_class_mut(c),
+            Self::Lexical(ld) => visitor.visit_lexical_declaration_mut(ld),
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/declaration/variable.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+//! Variable related declarations.
+
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use crate::{
+    expression::{Expression, Identifier},
+    join_nodes,
+    pattern::Pattern,
+    Statement,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+
+use super::Declaration;
+
+/// A [`var`][var] statement, also called [`VariableStatement`][varstmt] in the spec.
+///
+/// The scope of a variable declared with `var` is its current execution context, which is either
+/// the enclosing function or, for variables declared outside any function, global. If you
+/// re-declare a ECMAScript variable, it will not lose its value.
+///
+/// Although a bit confusing, `VarDeclaration`s are not considered [`Declaration`]s by the spec.
+/// This is partly because it has very different semantics from `let` and `const` declarations, but
+/// also because a `var` statement can be labelled just like any other [`Statement`]:
+///
+/// ```javascript
+/// label: var a = 5;
+/// a;
+/// ```
+///
+/// returns `5` as the value of the statement list, while:
+///
+/// ```javascript
+/// label: let a = 5;
+/// a;
+/// ```
+/// throws a `SyntaxError`.
+///
+/// `var` declarations, wherever they occur, are processed before any code is executed. This is
+/// called <code>[hoisting]</code>.
+///
+/// [var]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/var
+/// [varstmt]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-VariableStatement
+/// [hoisting]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Hoisting
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct VarDeclaration(pub VariableList);
+
+impl From<VarDeclaration> for Statement {
+    fn from(var: VarDeclaration) -> Self {
+        Self::Var(var)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for VarDeclaration {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        format!("var {}", self.0.to_interned_string(interner))
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for VarDeclaration {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_variable_list(&self.0)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_variable_list_mut(&mut self.0)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A **[lexical declaration]** defines variables that are scoped to the lexical environment of
+/// the variable declaration.
+///
+/// [lexical declaration]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-let-and-const-declarations
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum LexicalDeclaration {
+    /// A <code>[const]</code> variable creates a constant whose scope can be either global or local
+    /// to the block in which it is declared.
+    ///
+    /// An initializer for a constant is required. You must specify its value in the same statement
+    /// in which it's declared. (This makes sense, given that it can't be changed later)
+    ///
+    /// [const]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const
+    Const(VariableList),
+
+    /// A <code>[let]</code> variable is limited to a scope of a block statement, or expression on
+    /// which it is used, unlike the `var` keyword, which defines a variable globally, or locally to
+    /// an entire function regardless of block scope.
+    ///
+    /// Just like const, `let` does not create properties of the window object when declared
+    /// globally (in the top-most scope).
+    ///
+    /// If a let declaration does not have an initializer, the variable is assigned the value `undefined`.
+    ///
+    /// [let]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/let
+    Let(VariableList),
+}
+
+impl LexicalDeclaration {
+    /// Gets the inner variable list of the `LexicalDeclaration`
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn variable_list(&self) -> &VariableList {
+        match self {
+            Self::Const(list) | Self::Let(list) => list,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<LexicalDeclaration> for Declaration {
+    fn from(lex: LexicalDeclaration) -> Self {
+        Self::Lexical(lex)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for LexicalDeclaration {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{} {}",
+            match &self {
+                Self::Let(_) => "let",
+                Self::Const(_) => "const",
+            },
+            self.variable_list().to_interned_string(interner)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for LexicalDeclaration {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Const(vars) | Self::Let(vars) => visitor.visit_variable_list(vars),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Const(vars) | Self::Let(vars) => visitor.visit_variable_list_mut(vars),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// List of variables in a variable declaration.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct VariableList {
+    list: Box<[Variable]>,
+}
+
+impl VariableList {
+    /// Creates a variable list if the provided list of [`Variable`] is not empty.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(list: Box<[Variable]>) -> Option<Self> {
+        if list.is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        Some(Self { list })
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<[Variable]> for VariableList {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[Variable] {
+        &self.list
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for VariableList {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        join_nodes(interner, self.list.as_ref())
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for VariableList {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        for variable in self.list.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_variable(variable));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        for variable in self.list.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_variable_mut(variable));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// The error returned by the [`VariableList::try_from`] function.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct TryFromVariableListError(());
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for TryFromVariableListError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        "provided list of variables cannot be empty".fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<Box<[Variable]>> for VariableList {
+    type Error = TryFromVariableListError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: Box<[Variable]>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Self::new(value).ok_or(TryFromVariableListError(()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<Vec<Variable>> for VariableList {
+    type Error = TryFromVariableListError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: Vec<Variable>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Self::try_from(value.into_boxed_slice())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Variable represents a variable declaration of some kind.
+///
+/// For `let` and `const` declarations this type represents a [`LexicalBinding`][spec1]
+///
+/// For `var` declarations this type represents a [`VariableDeclaration`][spec2]
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference: 14.3 Declarations and the Variable Statement][spec3]
+///
+/// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-LexicalBinding
+/// [spec2]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-VariableDeclaration
+/// [spec3]:  https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-declarations-and-the-variable-statement
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Variable {
+    binding: Binding,
+    init: Option<Expression>,
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Variable {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let mut buf = self.binding.to_interned_string(interner);
+
+        if let Some(ref init) = self.init {
+            buf.push_str(&format!(" = {}", init.to_interned_string(interner)));
+        }
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl Variable {
+    /// Creates a new variable declaration from a `BindingIdentifier`.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn from_identifier(ident: Identifier, init: Option<Expression>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            binding: Binding::Identifier(ident),
+            init,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new variable declaration from a `Pattern`.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn from_pattern(pattern: Pattern, init: Option<Expression>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            binding: Binding::Pattern(pattern),
+            init,
+        }
+    }
+    /// Gets the variable declaration binding.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn binding(&self) -> &Binding {
+        &self.binding
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the initialization expression for the variable declaration, if any.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn init(&self) -> Option<&Expression> {
+        self.init.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Variable {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_binding(&self.binding));
+        if let Some(init) = &self.init {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(init));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_binding_mut(&mut self.binding));
+        if let Some(init) = &mut self.init {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(init));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Binding represents either an individual binding or a binding pattern.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference: 14.3 Declarations and the Variable Statement][spec]
+///
+/// [spec]:  https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-declarations-and-the-variable-statement
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Binding {
+    /// A single identifier binding.
+    Identifier(Identifier),
+    /// A pattern binding.
+    Pattern(Pattern),
+}
+
+impl From<Identifier> for Binding {
+    fn from(id: Identifier) -> Self {
+        Self::Identifier(id)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Pattern> for Binding {
+    fn from(pat: Pattern) -> Self {
+        Self::Pattern(pat)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Binding {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Identifier(id) => id.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Pattern(ref pattern) => pattern.to_interned_string(interner),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Binding {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Identifier(id) => visitor.visit_identifier(id),
+            Self::Pattern(pattern) => visitor.visit_pattern(pattern),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Identifier(id) => visitor.visit_identifier_mut(id),
+            Self::Pattern(pattern) => visitor.visit_pattern_mut(pattern),
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/access.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+//! Property access expressions, as defined by the [spec].
+//!
+//! [Property access expressions][access] provide two ways to access properties of an object: *dot notation*
+//! and *bracket notation*.
+//! - *Dot notation* is mostly used when the name of the property is static, and a valid Javascript
+//! identifier e.g. `obj.prop`, `arr.$val`.
+//! - *Bracket notation* is used when the name of the property is either variable, not a valid
+//! identifier or a symbol e.g. `arr[var]`, `arr[5]`, `arr[Symbol.iterator]`.
+//!
+//! A property access expression can be represented by a [`SimplePropertyAccess`] (`x.y`), a
+//! [`PrivatePropertyAccess`] (`x.#y`) or a [`SuperPropertyAccess`] (`super["y"]`), each of them with
+//! slightly different semantics overall.
+//!
+//! [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/multipage/ecmascript-language-expressions.html#sec-property-accessors
+//! [access]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Property_Accessors
+
+use crate::expression::Expression;
+use crate::function::PrivateName;
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// A property access field.
+///
+/// See the [module level documentation][self] for more information.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum PropertyAccessField {
+    /// A constant property field, such as `x.prop`.
+    Const(Sym),
+    /// An expression property field, such as `x["val"]`.
+    Expr(Box<Expression>),
+}
+
+impl From<Sym> for PropertyAccessField {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(id: Sym) -> Self {
+        Self::Const(id)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Expression> for PropertyAccessField {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(expr: Expression) -> Self {
+        Self::Expr(Box::new(expr))
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for PropertyAccessField {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Const(sym) => visitor.visit_sym(sym),
+            Self::Expr(expr) => visitor.visit_expression(expr),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Const(sym) => visitor.visit_sym_mut(sym),
+            Self::Expr(expr) => visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut *expr),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A property access expression.
+///
+/// See the [module level documentation][self] for more information.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum PropertyAccess {
+    /// A simple property access (`x.prop`).
+    Simple(SimplePropertyAccess),
+    /// A property access of a private property (`x.#priv`).
+    Private(PrivatePropertyAccess),
+    /// A property access of a `super` reference. (`super["prop"]`).
+    Super(SuperPropertyAccess),
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for PropertyAccess {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Simple(s) => s.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Private(p) => p.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Super(s) => s.to_interned_string(interner),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<PropertyAccess> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(access: PropertyAccess) -> Self {
+        Self::PropertyAccess(access)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for PropertyAccess {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Simple(spa) => visitor.visit_simple_property_access(spa),
+            Self::Private(ppa) => visitor.visit_private_property_access(ppa),
+            Self::Super(supa) => visitor.visit_super_property_access(supa),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Simple(spa) => visitor.visit_simple_property_access_mut(spa),
+            Self::Private(ppa) => visitor.visit_private_property_access_mut(ppa),
+            Self::Super(supa) => visitor.visit_super_property_access_mut(supa),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A simple property access, where the target object is an [`Expression`].
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct SimplePropertyAccess {
+    target: Box<Expression>,
+    field: PropertyAccessField,
+}
+
+impl SimplePropertyAccess {
+    /// Gets the target object of the property access.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn target(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.target
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the accessed field of the target object.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn field(&self) -> &PropertyAccessField {
+        &self.field
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `PropertyAccess` AST Expression.
+    pub fn new<F>(target: Expression, field: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: Into<PropertyAccessField>,
+    {
+        Self {
+            target: target.into(),
+            field: field.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for SimplePropertyAccess {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let target = self.target.to_interned_string(interner);
+        match self.field {
+            PropertyAccessField::Const(sym) => format!("{target}.{}", interner.resolve_expect(sym)),
+            PropertyAccessField::Expr(ref expr) => {
+                format!("{target}[{}]", expr.to_interned_string(interner))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<SimplePropertyAccess> for PropertyAccess {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(access: SimplePropertyAccess) -> Self {
+        Self::Simple(access)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for SimplePropertyAccess {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.target));
+        visitor.visit_property_access_field(&self.field)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.target));
+        visitor.visit_property_access_field_mut(&mut self.field)
+    }
+}
+
+/// An access expression to a class object's [private fields][mdn].
+///
+/// Private property accesses differ slightly from plain property accesses, since the accessed
+/// property must be prefixed by `#`, and the bracket notation is not allowed. For example,
+/// `this.#a` is a valid private property access.
+///
+/// This expression corresponds to the [`MemberExpression.PrivateIdentifier`][spec] production.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-MemberExpression
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes/Private_class_fields
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct PrivatePropertyAccess {
+    target: Box<Expression>,
+    field: PrivateName,
+}
+
+impl PrivatePropertyAccess {
+    /// Creates a `GetPrivateField` AST Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(value: Expression, field: PrivateName) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            target: value.into(),
+            field,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the original object from where to get the field from.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn target(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.target
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the name of the field to retrieve.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn field(&self) -> PrivateName {
+        self.field
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for PrivatePropertyAccess {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{}.#{}",
+            self.target.to_interned_string(interner),
+            interner.resolve_expect(self.field.description())
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<PrivatePropertyAccess> for PropertyAccess {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(access: PrivatePropertyAccess) -> Self {
+        Self::Private(access)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for PrivatePropertyAccess {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.target));
+        visitor.visit_private_name(&self.field)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.target));
+        visitor.visit_private_name_mut(&mut self.field)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A property access of an object's parent, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// A `SuperPropertyAccess` is much like a regular [`PropertyAccess`], but where its `target` object
+/// is not a regular object, but a reference to the parent object of the current object ([`super`][mdn]).
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-SuperProperty
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/super
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct SuperPropertyAccess {
+    field: PropertyAccessField,
+}
+
+impl SuperPropertyAccess {
+    /// Creates a new property access field node.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(field: PropertyAccessField) -> Self {
+        Self { field }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the name of the field to retrieve.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn field(&self) -> &PropertyAccessField {
+        &self.field
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for SuperPropertyAccess {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        match &self.field {
+            PropertyAccessField::Const(field) => {
+                format!("super.{}", interner.resolve_expect(*field))
+            }
+            PropertyAccessField::Expr(field) => {
+                format!("super[{}]", field.to_interned_string(interner))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<SuperPropertyAccess> for PropertyAccess {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(access: SuperPropertyAccess) -> Self {
+        Self::Super(access)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for SuperPropertyAccess {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_property_access_field(&self.field)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_property_access_field_mut(&mut self.field)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/await.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//! Await expression Expression.
+
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use super::Expression;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+
+/// An await expression is used within an async function to pause execution and wait for a
+/// promise to resolve.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AwaitExpression
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/await
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Await {
+    target: Box<Expression>,
+}
+
+impl Await {
+    /// Return the target expression that should be awaited.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn target(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.target
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<T> for Await
+where
+    T: Into<Box<Expression>>,
+{
+    fn from(e: T) -> Self {
+        Self { target: e.into() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Await {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        format!("await {}", self.target.to_indented_string(interner, 0))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Await> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(awaitexpr: Await) -> Self {
+        Self::Await(awaitexpr)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Await {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_expression(&self.target)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.target)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/call.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+use crate::join_nodes;
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use super::Expression;
+
+/// Calling the function actually performs the specified actions with the indicated parameters.
+///
+/// Defining a function does not execute it. Defining it simply names the function and
+/// specifies what to do when the function is called. Functions must be in scope when they are
+/// called, but the function declaration can be hoisted. The scope of a function is the
+/// function in which it is declared (or the entire program, if it is declared at the top
+/// level).
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-CallExpression
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Functions#Calling_functions
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Call {
+    function: Box<Expression>,
+    args: Box<[Expression]>,
+}
+
+impl Call {
+    /// Creates a new `Call` AST Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(function: Expression, args: Box<[Expression]>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            function: function.into(),
+            args,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the target function of this call expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn function(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.function
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the arguments passed to the function.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn args(&self) -> &[Expression] {
+        &self.args
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Call {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{}({})",
+            self.function.to_interned_string(interner),
+            join_nodes(interner, &self.args)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Call> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(call: Call) -> Self {
+        Self::Call(call)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Call {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.function));
+        for expr in self.args.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(expr));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.function));
+        for expr in self.args.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// The `super` keyword is used to access and call functions on an object's parent.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-SuperCall
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/super
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct SuperCall {
+    args: Box<[Expression]>,
+}
+
+impl SuperCall {
+    /// Creates a new `SuperCall` AST node.
+    pub fn new<A>(args: A) -> Self
+    where
+        A: Into<Box<[Expression]>>,
+    {
+        Self { args: args.into() }
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the arguments of the super call.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn arguments(&self) -> &[Expression] {
+        &self.args
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for SuperCall {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        format!("super({})", join_nodes(interner, &self.args))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<SuperCall> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(call: SuperCall) -> Self {
+        Self::SuperCall(call)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for SuperCall {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        for expr in self.args.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(expr));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        for expr in self.args.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/identifier.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+//! Local identifier Expression.
+
+use crate::{
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+    ToStringEscaped,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use super::Expression;
+
+/// List of reserved keywords exclusive to strict mode.
+pub const RESERVED_IDENTIFIERS_STRICT: [Sym; 9] = [
+    Sym::IMPLEMENTS,
+    Sym::INTERFACE,
+    Sym::LET,
+    Sym::PACKAGE,
+    Sym::PRIVATE,
+    Sym::PROTECTED,
+    Sym::PUBLIC,
+    Sym::STATIC,
+    Sym::YIELD,
+];
+
+/// An `identifier` is a sequence of characters in the code that identifies a variable,
+/// function, or property.
+///
+/// In ECMAScript, identifiers are case-sensitive and can contain Unicode letters, $, _, and
+/// digits (0-9), but may not start with a digit.
+///
+/// An identifier differs from a string in that a string is data, while an identifier is part
+/// of the code. In JavaScript, there is no way to convert identifiers to strings, but
+/// sometimes it is possible to parse strings into identifiers.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-Identifier
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Identifier
+#[cfg_attr(
+    feature = "serde",
+    derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize),
+    serde(transparent)
+)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct Identifier {
+    ident: Sym,
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<Sym> for Identifier {
+    #[inline]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Sym) -> bool {
+        self.ident == *other
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<Identifier> for Sym {
+    #[inline]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Identifier) -> bool {
+        *self == other.ident
+    }
+}
+
+impl Identifier {
+    /// Creates a new identifier AST Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(ident: Sym) -> Self {
+        Self { ident }
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the identifier's string symbol in the interner.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn sym(self) -> Sym {
+        self.ident
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Identifier {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        interner.resolve_expect(self.ident).join(
+            String::from,
+            ToStringEscaped::to_string_escaped,
+            true,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Sym> for Identifier {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(sym: Sym) -> Self {
+        Self { ident: sym }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Identifier> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(local: Identifier) -> Self {
+        Self::Identifier(local)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Identifier {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_sym(&self.ident)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_sym_mut(&mut self.ident)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/literal/array.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+//! Array declaration Expression.
+
+use crate::expression::operator::assign::AssignTarget;
+use crate::expression::Expression;
+use crate::pattern::{ArrayPattern, ArrayPatternElement, Pattern};
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// An array is an ordered collection of data (either primitive or object depending upon the
+/// language).
+///
+/// Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable.
+/// This is compared to a variable that can store only one value.
+///
+/// Each item in an array has a number attached to it, called a numeric index, that allows you
+/// to access it. In JavaScript, arrays start at index zero and can be manipulated with various
+/// methods.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ArrayLiteral
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ArrayLiteral {
+    arr: Box<[Option<Expression>]>,
+    has_trailing_comma_spread: bool,
+}
+
+impl ArrayLiteral {
+    /// Creates a new array literal.
+    pub fn new<A>(array: A, has_trailing_comma_spread: bool) -> Self
+    where
+        A: Into<Box<[Option<Expression>]>>,
+    {
+        Self {
+            arr: array.into(),
+            has_trailing_comma_spread,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Indicates if a spread operator in the array literal has a trailing comma.
+    /// This is a syntax error in some cases.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn has_trailing_comma_spread(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_trailing_comma_spread
+    }
+
+    /// Converts this `ArrayLiteral` into an [`ArrayPattern`].
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn to_pattern(&self, strict: bool) -> Option<ArrayPattern> {
+        if self.has_trailing_comma_spread() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let mut bindings = Vec::new();
+        for (i, expr) in self.arr.iter().enumerate() {
+            let expr = if let Some(expr) = expr {
+                expr
+            } else {
+                bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::Elision);
+                continue;
+            };
+            match expr {
+                Expression::Identifier(ident) => {
+                    if strict && *ident == Sym::ARGUMENTS {
+                        return None;
+                    }
+
+                    bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::SingleName {
+                        ident: *ident,
+                        default_init: None,
+                    });
+                }
+                Expression::Spread(spread) => {
+                    match spread.target() {
+                        Expression::Identifier(ident) => {
+                            bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::SingleNameRest { ident: *ident });
+                        }
+                        Expression::PropertyAccess(access) => {
+                            bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::PropertyAccessRest {
+                                access: access.clone(),
+                            });
+                        }
+                        Expression::ArrayLiteral(array) => {
+                            let pattern = array.to_pattern(strict)?.into();
+                            bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::PatternRest { pattern });
+                        }
+                        Expression::ObjectLiteral(object) => {
+                            let pattern = object.to_pattern(strict)?.into();
+                            bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::PatternRest { pattern });
+                        }
+                        _ => return None,
+                    }
+                    if i + 1 != self.arr.len() {
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                }
+                Expression::Assign(assign) => match assign.lhs() {
+                    AssignTarget::Identifier(ident) => {
+                        bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::SingleName {
+                            ident: *ident,
+                            default_init: Some(assign.rhs().clone()),
+                        });
+                    }
+                    AssignTarget::Access(access) => {
+                        bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::PropertyAccess {
+                            access: access.clone(),
+                        });
+                    }
+                    AssignTarget::Pattern(pattern) => match pattern {
+                        Pattern::Object(pattern) => {
+                            bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::Pattern {
+                                pattern: Pattern::Object(pattern.clone()),
+                                default_init: Some(assign.rhs().clone()),
+                            });
+                        }
+                        Pattern::Array(pattern) => {
+                            bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::Pattern {
+                                pattern: Pattern::Array(pattern.clone()),
+                                default_init: Some(assign.rhs().clone()),
+                            });
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+                Expression::ArrayLiteral(array) => {
+                    let pattern = array.to_pattern(strict)?.into();
+                    bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::Pattern {
+                        pattern,
+                        default_init: None,
+                    });
+                }
+                Expression::ObjectLiteral(object) => {
+                    let pattern = object.to_pattern(strict)?.into();
+                    bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::Pattern {
+                        pattern,
+                        default_init: None,
+                    });
+                }
+                Expression::PropertyAccess(access) => {
+                    bindings.push(ArrayPatternElement::PropertyAccess {
+                        access: access.clone(),
+                    });
+                }
+                _ => return None,
+            }
+        }
+        Some(ArrayPattern::new(bindings.into()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<[Option<Expression>]> for ArrayLiteral {
+    #[inline]
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[Option<Expression>] {
+        &self.arr
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<T> for ArrayLiteral
+where
+    T: Into<Box<[Option<Expression>]>>,
+{
+    fn from(decl: T) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            arr: decl.into(),
+            has_trailing_comma_spread: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for ArrayLiteral {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let mut buf = String::from("[");
+        let mut first = true;
+        for e in &*self.arr {
+            if first {
+                first = false;
+            } else {
+                buf.push_str(", ");
+            }
+            if let Some(e) = e {
+                buf.push_str(&e.to_interned_string(interner));
+            }
+        }
+        buf.push(']');
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ArrayLiteral> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(arr: ArrayLiteral) -> Self {
+        Self::ArrayLiteral(arr)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for ArrayLiteral {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        for expr in self.arr.iter().flatten() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(expr));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        for expr in self.arr.iter_mut().flatten() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/literal/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+//! This module contains all literal expressions, which represents the primitive values in ECMAScript.
+//!
+//! More information:
+//!  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+//!  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+//!
+//! [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-primary-expression-literals
+//! [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Grammar_and_types#Literals
+
+mod array;
+mod object;
+mod template;
+
+pub use array::ArrayLiteral;
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+pub use object::ObjectLiteral;
+pub use template::{TemplateElement, TemplateLiteral};
+
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToInternedString};
+use num_bigint::BigInt;
+
+use super::Expression;
+
+/// Literals represent values in ECMAScript.
+///
+/// These are fixed values **not variables** that you literally provide in your script.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-primary-expression-literals
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Grammar_and_types#Literals
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Literal {
+    /// A string literal is zero or more characters enclosed in double (`"`) or single (`'`) quotation marks.
+    ///
+    /// A string must be delimited by quotation marks of the same type (that is, either both single quotation marks, or both double quotation marks).
+    /// You can call any of the String object's methods on a string literal value.
+    /// ECMAScript automatically converts the string literal to a temporary String object,
+    /// calls the method, then discards the temporary String object.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-terms-and-definitions-string-value
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Grammar_and_types#String_literals
+    String(Sym),
+
+    /// A floating-point number literal.
+    ///
+    /// The exponent part is an "`e`" or "`E`" followed by an integer, which can be signed (preceded by "`+`" or "`-`").
+    /// A floating-point literal must have at least one digit, and either a decimal point or "`e`" (or "`E`").
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-terms-and-definitions-number-value
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Grammar_and_types#Floating-point_literals
+    Num(f64),
+
+    /// Integer types can be expressed in decimal (base 10), hexadecimal (base 16), octal (base 8) and binary (base 2).
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-terms-and-definitions-number-value
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Grammar_and_types#Numeric_literals
+    Int(i32),
+
+    /// BigInt provides a way to represent whole numbers larger than the largest number ECMAScript
+    /// can reliably represent with the `Number` primitive.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-terms-and-definitions-bigint-value
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Grammar_and_types#Numeric_literals
+    BigInt(Box<BigInt>),
+
+    /// The Boolean type has two literal values: `true` and `false`.
+    ///
+    /// The Boolean object is a wrapper around the primitive Boolean data type.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-terms-and-definitions-boolean-value
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Grammar_and_types#Boolean_literals
+    Bool(bool),
+
+    /// In JavaScript, `null` is marked as one of the primitive values, cause it's behaviour is seemingly primitive.
+    ///
+    /// In computer science, a null value represents a reference that points,
+    /// generally intentionally, to a nonexistent or invalid object or address.
+    /// The meaning of a null reference varies among language implementations.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-null-value
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/null
+    Null,
+}
+
+impl From<Sym> for Literal {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(string: Sym) -> Self {
+        Self::String(string)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<f64> for Literal {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(num: f64) -> Self {
+        Self::Num(num)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<i32> for Literal {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(i: i32) -> Self {
+        Self::Int(i)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<BigInt> for Literal {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(i: BigInt) -> Self {
+        Self::BigInt(Box::new(i))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Box<BigInt>> for Literal {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(i: Box<BigInt>) -> Self {
+        Self::BigInt(i)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<bool> for Literal {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(b: bool) -> Self {
+        Self::Bool(b)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Literal> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(lit: Literal) -> Self {
+        Self::Literal(lit)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Literal {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        match *self {
+            Self::String(st) => {
+                format!("\"{}\"", interner.resolve_expect(st))
+            }
+            Self::Num(num) => num.to_string(),
+            Self::Int(num) => num.to_string(),
+            Self::BigInt(ref num) => num.to_string(),
+            Self::Bool(v) => v.to_string(),
+            Self::Null => "null".to_owned(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Literal {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Self::String(sym) = self {
+            visitor.visit_sym(sym)
+        } else {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Self::String(sym) = self {
+            visitor.visit_sym_mut(sym)
+        } else {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/literal/object.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+//! Object Expression.
+
+use crate::{
+    block_to_string,
+    expression::{operator::assign::AssignTarget, Expression, RESERVED_IDENTIFIERS_STRICT},
+    function::Function,
+    join_nodes,
+    pattern::{ObjectPattern, ObjectPatternElement},
+    property::{MethodDefinition, PropertyDefinition, PropertyName},
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// Objects in ECMAScript may be defined as an unordered collection of related data, of
+/// primitive or reference types, in the form of “key: value” pairs.
+///
+/// Objects can be initialized using `new Object()`, `Object.create()`, or using the literal
+/// notation.
+///
+/// An object initializer is an expression that describes the initialization of an
+/// [`Object`][object]. Objects consist of properties, which are used to describe an object.
+/// Values of object properties can either contain [`primitive`][primitive] data types or other
+/// objects.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ObjectLiteral
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Object_initializer
+/// [object]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+/// [primitive]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/primitive
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ObjectLiteral {
+    properties: Box<[PropertyDefinition]>,
+}
+
+impl ObjectLiteral {
+    /// Gets the object literal properties
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn properties(&self) -> &[PropertyDefinition] {
+        &self.properties
+    }
+
+    /// Converts the object literal into an [`ObjectPattern`].
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn to_pattern(&self, strict: bool) -> Option<ObjectPattern> {
+        let mut bindings = Vec::new();
+        let mut excluded_keys = Vec::new();
+        for (i, property) in self.properties.iter().enumerate() {
+            match property {
+                PropertyDefinition::IdentifierReference(ident) if strict && *ident == Sym::EVAL => {
+                    return None
+                }
+                PropertyDefinition::IdentifierReference(ident) => {
+                    if strict && RESERVED_IDENTIFIERS_STRICT.contains(&ident.sym()) {
+                        return None;
+                    }
+
+                    excluded_keys.push(*ident);
+                    bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::SingleName {
+                        ident: *ident,
+                        name: PropertyName::Literal(ident.sym()),
+                        default_init: None,
+                    });
+                }
+                PropertyDefinition::Property(name, expr) => match (name, expr) {
+                    (PropertyName::Literal(name), Expression::Identifier(ident))
+                        if *name == *ident =>
+                    {
+                        if strict && *name == Sym::EVAL {
+                            return None;
+                        }
+                        if strict && RESERVED_IDENTIFIERS_STRICT.contains(name) {
+                            return None;
+                        }
+
+                        excluded_keys.push(*ident);
+                        bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::SingleName {
+                            ident: *ident,
+                            name: PropertyName::Literal(*name),
+                            default_init: None,
+                        });
+                    }
+                    (PropertyName::Literal(name), Expression::Identifier(ident)) => {
+                        bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::SingleName {
+                            ident: *ident,
+                            name: PropertyName::Literal(*name),
+                            default_init: None,
+                        });
+                    }
+                    (PropertyName::Literal(name), Expression::ObjectLiteral(object)) => {
+                        let pattern = object.to_pattern(strict)?.into();
+                        bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::Pattern {
+                            name: PropertyName::Literal(*name),
+                            pattern,
+                            default_init: None,
+                        });
+                    }
+                    (PropertyName::Literal(name), Expression::ArrayLiteral(array)) => {
+                        let pattern = array.to_pattern(strict)?.into();
+                        bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::Pattern {
+                            name: PropertyName::Literal(*name),
+                            pattern,
+                            default_init: None,
+                        });
+                    }
+                    (_, Expression::Assign(assign)) => match assign.lhs() {
+                        AssignTarget::Identifier(ident) => {
+                            if let Some(name) = name.literal() {
+                                if name == *ident {
+                                    if strict && name == Sym::EVAL {
+                                        return None;
+                                    }
+                                    if strict && RESERVED_IDENTIFIERS_STRICT.contains(&name) {
+                                        return None;
+                                    }
+                                    excluded_keys.push(*ident);
+                                }
+                                bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::SingleName {
+                                    ident: *ident,
+                                    name: PropertyName::Literal(name),
+                                    default_init: Some(assign.rhs().clone()),
+                                });
+                            } else {
+                                return None;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        AssignTarget::Pattern(pattern) => {
+                            bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::Pattern {
+                                name: name.clone(),
+                                pattern: pattern.clone(),
+                                default_init: Some(assign.rhs().clone()),
+                            });
+                        }
+                        AssignTarget::Access(access) => {
+                            bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::AssignmentPropertyAccess {
+                                name: name.clone(),
+                                access: access.clone(),
+                                default_init: Some(assign.rhs().clone()),
+                            });
+                        }
+                    },
+                    (_, Expression::PropertyAccess(access)) => {
+                        bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::AssignmentPropertyAccess {
+                            name: name.clone(),
+                            access: access.clone(),
+                            default_init: None,
+                        });
+                    }
+                    (PropertyName::Computed(name), Expression::Identifier(ident)) => {
+                        bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::SingleName {
+                            ident: *ident,
+                            name: PropertyName::Computed(name.clone()),
+                            default_init: None,
+                        });
+                    }
+                    _ => return None,
+                },
+                PropertyDefinition::SpreadObject(spread) => {
+                    match spread {
+                        Expression::Identifier(ident) => {
+                            bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::RestProperty {
+                                ident: *ident,
+                                excluded_keys: excluded_keys.clone(),
+                            });
+                        }
+                        Expression::PropertyAccess(access) => {
+                            bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::AssignmentRestPropertyAccess {
+                                access: access.clone(),
+                                excluded_keys: excluded_keys.clone(),
+                            });
+                        }
+                        _ => return None,
+                    }
+                    if i + 1 != self.properties.len() {
+                        return None;
+                    }
+                }
+                PropertyDefinition::MethodDefinition(_, _) => return None,
+                PropertyDefinition::CoverInitializedName(ident, expr) => {
+                    if strict && [Sym::EVAL, Sym::ARGUMENTS].contains(&ident.sym()) {
+                        return None;
+                    }
+
+                    bindings.push(ObjectPatternElement::SingleName {
+                        ident: *ident,
+                        name: PropertyName::Literal(ident.sym()),
+                        default_init: Some(expr.clone()),
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Some(ObjectPattern::new(bindings.into()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for ObjectLiteral {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indent_n: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = "{\n".to_owned();
+        let indentation = "    ".repeat(indent_n + 1);
+        for property in self.properties().iter() {
+            buf.push_str(&match property {
+                PropertyDefinition::IdentifierReference(ident) => {
+                    format!("{indentation}{},\n", interner.resolve_expect(ident.sym()))
+                }
+                PropertyDefinition::Property(key, value) => {
+                    let value = if let Expression::Function(f) = value {
+                        Function::new(None, f.parameters().clone(), f.body().clone()).into()
+                    } else {
+                        value.clone()
+                    };
+
+                    format!(
+                        "{indentation}{}: {},\n",
+                        key.to_interned_string(interner),
+                        value.to_no_indent_string(interner, indent_n + 1)
+                    )
+                }
+                PropertyDefinition::SpreadObject(key) => {
+                    format!("{indentation}...{},\n", key.to_interned_string(interner))
+                }
+                PropertyDefinition::MethodDefinition(key, method) => {
+                    format!(
+                        "{indentation}{}{}({}) {},\n",
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(_) => "get ",
+                            MethodDefinition::Set(_) => "set ",
+                            _ => "",
+                        },
+                        key.to_interned_string(interner),
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(expression)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Set(expression)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Ordinary(expression) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expression.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Generator(expression) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expression.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::AsyncGenerator(expression) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expression.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Async(expression) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expression.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                        },
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(expression)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Set(expression)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Ordinary(expression) => {
+                                block_to_string(expression.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Generator(expression) => {
+                                block_to_string(expression.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::AsyncGenerator(expression) => {
+                                block_to_string(expression.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Async(expression) => {
+                                block_to_string(expression.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                        },
+                    )
+                }
+                PropertyDefinition::CoverInitializedName(ident, expr) => {
+                    format!(
+                        "{indentation}{} = {},\n",
+                        interner.resolve_expect(ident.sym()),
+                        expr.to_no_indent_string(interner, indent_n + 1)
+                    )
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        buf.push_str(&format!("{}}}", "    ".repeat(indent_n)));
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<T> for ObjectLiteral
+where
+    T: Into<Box<[PropertyDefinition]>>,
+{
+    fn from(props: T) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            properties: props.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ObjectLiteral> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(obj: ObjectLiteral) -> Self {
+        Self::ObjectLiteral(obj)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for ObjectLiteral {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        for pd in self.properties.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_property_definition(pd));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        for pd in self.properties.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_property_definition_mut(pd));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/literal/template.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+//! Template literal Expression.
+
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToInternedString};
+
+use crate::{
+    expression::Expression,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+    ToStringEscaped,
+};
+
+/// Template literals are string literals allowing embedded expressions.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Template_literals
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-template-literals
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct TemplateLiteral {
+    elements: Box<[TemplateElement]>,
+}
+
+impl From<TemplateLiteral> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(tem: TemplateLiteral) -> Self {
+        Self::TemplateLiteral(tem)
+    }
+}
+
+/// An element found within a [`TemplateLiteral`].
+///
+/// The [spec] doesn't define an element akin to `TemplateElement`. However, the AST defines this
+/// node as the equivalent of the components found in a template literal.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-template-literals
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum TemplateElement {
+    /// A simple string.
+    String(Sym),
+    /// An expression that is evaluated and replaced by its string representation.
+    Expr(Expression),
+}
+
+impl TemplateLiteral {
+    /// Creates a new `TemplateLiteral` from a list of [`TemplateElement`]s.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(elements: Box<[TemplateElement]>) -> Self {
+        Self { elements }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the element list of this `TemplateLiteral`.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn elements(&self) -> &[TemplateElement] {
+        &self.elements
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for TemplateLiteral {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let mut buf = "`".to_owned();
+
+        for elt in self.elements.iter() {
+            match elt {
+                TemplateElement::String(s) => buf.push_str(&interner.resolve_expect(*s).join(
+                    Cow::Borrowed,
+                    |utf16| Cow::Owned(utf16.to_string_escaped()),
+                    true,
+                )),
+                TemplateElement::Expr(n) => {
+                    buf.push_str(&format!("${{{}}}", n.to_interned_string(interner)));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        buf.push('`');
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for TemplateLiteral {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        for element in self.elements.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_template_element(element));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        for element in self.elements.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_template_element_mut(element));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for TemplateElement {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::String(sym) => visitor.visit_sym(sym),
+            Self::Expr(expr) => visitor.visit_expression(expr),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::String(sym) => visitor.visit_sym_mut(sym),
+            Self::Expr(expr) => visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr),
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+//! The [`Expression`] Parse Node, as defined by the [spec].
+//!
+//! ECMAScript expressions include:
+//! - [Primary][primary] expressions (`this`, function expressions, literals).
+//! - [Left hand side][lhs] expressions (accessors, `new` operator, `super`).
+//! - [operator] expressions.
+//!
+//! [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-Expression
+//! [primary]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators#primary_expressions
+//! [lhs]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators#left-hand-side_expressions
+
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use self::{
+    access::PropertyAccess,
+    literal::{ArrayLiteral, Literal, ObjectLiteral, TemplateLiteral},
+    operator::{Assign, Binary, Conditional, Unary},
+};
+
+use super::{
+    function::{ArrowFunction, AsyncFunction, AsyncGenerator, Class, Function, Generator},
+    function::{AsyncArrowFunction, FormalParameterList},
+    Statement,
+};
+
+mod r#await;
+mod call;
+mod identifier;
+mod new;
+mod optional;
+mod spread;
+mod tagged_template;
+mod r#yield;
+
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+pub use call::{Call, SuperCall};
+pub use identifier::{Identifier, RESERVED_IDENTIFIERS_STRICT};
+pub use new::New;
+pub use optional::{Optional, OptionalOperation, OptionalOperationKind};
+pub use r#await::Await;
+pub use r#yield::Yield;
+pub use spread::Spread;
+pub use tagged_template::TaggedTemplate;
+
+pub mod access;
+pub mod literal;
+pub mod operator;
+
+/// The `Expression` Parse Node.
+///
+/// See the [module level documentation][self] for more information.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Expression {
+    /// The ECMAScript `this` keyword refers to the object it belongs to.
+    ///
+    /// A property of an execution context (global, function or eval) that,
+    /// in non–strict mode, is always a reference to an object and in strict
+    /// mode can be any value.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-this-keyword
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/this
+    This,
+
+    /// See [`Identifier`].
+    Identifier(Identifier),
+
+    /// See [`Literal`].
+    Literal(Literal),
+
+    /// See [`ArrayLiteral`].
+    ArrayLiteral(ArrayLiteral),
+
+    /// See [`ObjectLiteral`].
+    ObjectLiteral(ObjectLiteral),
+
+    /// See [`Spread`],
+    Spread(Spread),
+
+    /// See [`Function`].
+    Function(Function),
+
+    /// See [`ArrowFunction`].
+    ArrowFunction(ArrowFunction),
+
+    /// See [`AsyncArrowFunction`].
+    AsyncArrowFunction(AsyncArrowFunction),
+
+    /// See [`Generator`].
+    Generator(Generator),
+
+    /// See [`AsyncFunction`].
+    AsyncFunction(AsyncFunction),
+
+    /// See [`AsyncGenerator`].
+    AsyncGenerator(AsyncGenerator),
+
+    /// See [`Class`].
+    Class(Box<Class>),
+
+    // TODO: Extract regexp literal Expression
+    // RegExpLiteral,
+    /// See [`TemplateLiteral`].
+    TemplateLiteral(TemplateLiteral),
+
+    /// See [`PropertyAccess`].
+    PropertyAccess(PropertyAccess),
+
+    /// See [`New`].
+    New(New),
+
+    /// See [`Call`].
+    Call(Call),
+
+    /// See [`SuperCall`].
+    SuperCall(SuperCall),
+
+    /// See [`Optional`].
+    Optional(Optional),
+
+    // TODO: Import calls
+    /// See [`TaggedTemplate`].
+    TaggedTemplate(TaggedTemplate),
+
+    /// The `new.target` pseudo-property expression.
+    NewTarget,
+
+    // TODO: import.meta
+    /// See [`Assign`].
+    Assign(Assign),
+
+    /// See [`Unary`].
+    Unary(Unary),
+
+    /// See [`Binary`].
+    Binary(Binary),
+
+    /// See [`Conditional`].
+    Conditional(Conditional),
+
+    /// See [`Await`].
+    Await(Await),
+
+    /// See [`Yield`].
+    Yield(Yield),
+
+    /// A FormalParameterList.
+    ///
+    /// This is only used in the parser itself.
+    /// It is not a valid expression node.
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    FormalParameterList(FormalParameterList),
+}
+
+impl Expression {
+    /// Implements the display formatting with indentation.
+    ///
+    /// This will not prefix the value with any indentation. If you want to prefix this with proper
+    /// indents, use [`to_indented_string()`](Self::to_indented_string).
+    pub(crate) fn to_no_indent_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::This => "this".to_owned(),
+            Self::Identifier(id) => id.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Literal(lit) => lit.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::ArrayLiteral(arr) => arr.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::ObjectLiteral(o) => o.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::Spread(sp) => sp.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Function(f) => f.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::AsyncArrowFunction(f) => f.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::ArrowFunction(arrf) => arrf.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::Class(cl) => cl.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::Generator(gen) => gen.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::AsyncFunction(asf) => asf.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::AsyncGenerator(asgen) => asgen.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::TemplateLiteral(tem) => tem.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::PropertyAccess(prop) => prop.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::New(new) => new.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Call(call) => call.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::SuperCall(supc) => supc.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Optional(opt) => opt.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::NewTarget => "new.target".to_owned(),
+            Self::TaggedTemplate(tag) => tag.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Assign(assign) => assign.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Unary(unary) => unary.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Binary(bin) => bin.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Conditional(cond) => cond.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Await(aw) => aw.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Yield(yi) => yi.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::FormalParameterList(_) => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns if the expression is a function definition according to the spec.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantics-isfunctiondefinition
+    #[must_use]
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn is_function_definition(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            Self::ArrowFunction(_)
+                | Self::AsyncArrowFunction(_)
+                | Self::Function(_)
+                | Self::Generator(_)
+                | Self::AsyncGenerator(_)
+                | Self::AsyncFunction(_)
+                | Self::Class(_)
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Returns if the expression is a function definition without a name.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-isanonymousfunctiondefinition
+    #[must_use]
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn is_anonymous_function_definition(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::ArrowFunction(f) => f.name().is_none(),
+            Self::AsyncArrowFunction(f) => f.name().is_none(),
+            Self::Function(f) => f.name().is_none(),
+            Self::Generator(f) => f.name().is_none(),
+            Self::AsyncGenerator(f) => f.name().is_none(),
+            Self::AsyncFunction(f) => f.name().is_none(),
+            Self::Class(f) => f.name().is_none(),
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Expression> for Statement {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(expr: Expression) -> Self {
+        Self::Expression(expr)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        self.to_no_indent_string(interner, indentation)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Expression {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Identifier(id) => visitor.visit_identifier(id),
+            Self::Literal(lit) => visitor.visit_literal(lit),
+            Self::ArrayLiteral(arlit) => visitor.visit_array_literal(arlit),
+            Self::ObjectLiteral(olit) => visitor.visit_object_literal(olit),
+            Self::Spread(sp) => visitor.visit_spread(sp),
+            Self::Function(f) => visitor.visit_function(f),
+            Self::ArrowFunction(af) => visitor.visit_arrow_function(af),
+            Self::AsyncArrowFunction(af) => visitor.visit_async_arrow_function(af),
+            Self::Generator(g) => visitor.visit_generator(g),
+            Self::AsyncFunction(af) => visitor.visit_async_function(af),
+            Self::AsyncGenerator(ag) => visitor.visit_async_generator(ag),
+            Self::Class(c) => visitor.visit_class(c),
+            Self::TemplateLiteral(tlit) => visitor.visit_template_literal(tlit),
+            Self::PropertyAccess(pa) => visitor.visit_property_access(pa),
+            Self::New(n) => visitor.visit_new(n),
+            Self::Call(c) => visitor.visit_call(c),
+            Self::SuperCall(sc) => visitor.visit_super_call(sc),
+            Self::Optional(opt) => visitor.visit_optional(opt),
+            Self::TaggedTemplate(tt) => visitor.visit_tagged_template(tt),
+            Self::Assign(a) => visitor.visit_assign(a),
+            Self::Unary(u) => visitor.visit_unary(u),
+            Self::Binary(b) => visitor.visit_binary(b),
+            Self::Conditional(c) => visitor.visit_conditional(c),
+            Self::Await(a) => visitor.visit_await(a),
+            Self::Yield(y) => visitor.visit_yield(y),
+            Self::FormalParameterList(fpl) => visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list(fpl),
+            Self::This | Self::NewTarget => {
+                // do nothing; can be handled as special case by visitor
+                ControlFlow::Continue(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Identifier(id) => visitor.visit_identifier_mut(id),
+            Self::Literal(lit) => visitor.visit_literal_mut(lit),
+            Self::ArrayLiteral(arlit) => visitor.visit_array_literal_mut(arlit),
+            Self::ObjectLiteral(olit) => visitor.visit_object_literal_mut(olit),
+            Self::Spread(sp) => visitor.visit_spread_mut(sp),
+            Self::Function(f) => visitor.visit_function_mut(f),
+            Self::ArrowFunction(af) => visitor.visit_arrow_function_mut(af),
+            Self::AsyncArrowFunction(af) => visitor.visit_async_arrow_function_mut(af),
+            Self::Generator(g) => visitor.visit_generator_mut(g),
+            Self::AsyncFunction(af) => visitor.visit_async_function_mut(af),
+            Self::AsyncGenerator(ag) => visitor.visit_async_generator_mut(ag),
+            Self::Class(c) => visitor.visit_class_mut(c),
+            Self::TemplateLiteral(tlit) => visitor.visit_template_literal_mut(tlit),
+            Self::PropertyAccess(pa) => visitor.visit_property_access_mut(pa),
+            Self::New(n) => visitor.visit_new_mut(n),
+            Self::Call(c) => visitor.visit_call_mut(c),
+            Self::SuperCall(sc) => visitor.visit_super_call_mut(sc),
+            Self::Optional(opt) => visitor.visit_optional_mut(opt),
+            Self::TaggedTemplate(tt) => visitor.visit_tagged_template_mut(tt),
+            Self::Assign(a) => visitor.visit_assign_mut(a),
+            Self::Unary(u) => visitor.visit_unary_mut(u),
+            Self::Binary(b) => visitor.visit_binary_mut(b),
+            Self::Conditional(c) => visitor.visit_conditional_mut(c),
+            Self::Await(a) => visitor.visit_await_mut(a),
+            Self::Yield(y) => visitor.visit_yield_mut(y),
+            Self::FormalParameterList(fpl) => visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list_mut(fpl),
+            Self::This | Self::NewTarget => {
+                // do nothing; can be handled as special case by visitor
+                ControlFlow::Continue(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/new.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+use crate::expression::Call;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use super::Expression;
+
+/// The `new` operator lets developers create an instance of a user-defined object type or of
+/// one of the built-in object types that has a constructor function.
+///
+/// The new keyword does the following things:
+///  - Creates a blank, plain JavaScript object;
+///  - Links (sets the constructor of) this object to another object;
+///  - Passes the newly created object from Step 1 as the this context;
+///  - Returns this if the function doesn't return its own object.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-NewExpression
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/new
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct New {
+    call: Call,
+}
+
+impl New {
+    /// Gets the constructor of the new expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn constructor(&self) -> &Expression {
+        self.call.function()
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the arguments passed to the constructor.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn arguments(&self) -> &[Expression] {
+        self.call.args()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the inner call expression.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn call(&self) -> &Call {
+        &self.call
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Call> for New {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(call: Call) -> Self {
+        Self { call }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for New {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        format!("new {}", self.call.to_interned_string(interner))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<New> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(new: New) -> Self {
+        Self::New(new)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for New {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_call(&self.call)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_call_mut(&mut self.call)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/operator/assign/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+//! Assignment expression nodes, as defined by the [spec].
+//!
+//! An [assignment operator][mdn] assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right
+//! operand. Almost any [`LeftHandSideExpression`][lhs] Parse Node can be the target of a simple
+//! assignment expression (`=`). However, the compound assignment operations such as `%=` or `??=`
+//! only allow ["simple"][simple] left hand side expressions as an assignment target.
+//!
+//! [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentExpression
+//! [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment_Operators
+//! [lhs]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-LeftHandSideExpression
+//! [simple]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantics-assignmenttargettype
+
+mod op;
+
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+pub use op::*;
+
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+
+use crate::{
+    expression::{access::PropertyAccess, identifier::Identifier, Expression},
+    pattern::Pattern,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+};
+
+/// An assignment operator expression.
+///
+/// See the [module level documentation][self] for more information.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Assign {
+    op: AssignOp,
+    lhs: Box<AssignTarget>,
+    rhs: Box<Expression>,
+}
+
+impl Assign {
+    /// Creates an `Assign` AST Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(op: AssignOp, lhs: AssignTarget, rhs: Expression) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            op,
+            lhs: Box::new(lhs),
+            rhs: Box::new(rhs),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the operator of the assignment operation.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn op(&self) -> AssignOp {
+        self.op
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the left hand side of the assignment operation.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn lhs(&self) -> &AssignTarget {
+        &self.lhs
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the right hand side of the assignment operation.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn rhs(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.rhs
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Assign {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{} {} {}",
+            self.lhs.to_interned_string(interner),
+            self.op,
+            self.rhs.to_interned_string(interner)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Assign> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(op: Assign) -> Self {
+        Self::Assign(op)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Assign {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_assign_target(&self.lhs));
+        visitor.visit_expression(&self.rhs)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_assign_target_mut(&mut self.lhs));
+        visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.rhs)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The valid left-hand-side expressions of an assignment operator. Also called
+/// [`LeftHandSideExpression`][spec] in the spec.
+///
+/// [spec]: hhttps://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-LeftHandSideExpression
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum AssignTarget {
+    /// A simple identifier, such as `a`.
+    Identifier(Identifier),
+    /// A property access, such as `a.prop`.
+    Access(PropertyAccess),
+    /// A pattern assignment, such as `{a, b, ...c}`.
+    Pattern(Pattern),
+}
+
+impl AssignTarget {
+    /// Converts the left-hand-side Expression of an assignment expression into an [`AssignTarget`].
+    /// Returns `None` if the given Expression is an invalid left-hand-side for a assignment expression.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn from_expression(
+        expression: &Expression,
+        strict: bool,
+        destructure: bool,
+    ) -> Option<Self> {
+        match expression {
+            Expression::Identifier(id) => Some(Self::Identifier(*id)),
+            Expression::PropertyAccess(access) => Some(Self::Access(access.clone())),
+            Expression::ObjectLiteral(object) if destructure => {
+                let pattern = object.to_pattern(strict)?;
+                Some(Self::Pattern(pattern.into()))
+            }
+            Expression::ArrayLiteral(array) if destructure => {
+                let pattern = array.to_pattern(strict)?;
+                Some(Self::Pattern(pattern.into()))
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for AssignTarget {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Identifier(id) => id.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Access(access) => access.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Pattern(pattern) => pattern.to_interned_string(interner),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Identifier> for AssignTarget {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(target: Identifier) -> Self {
+        Self::Identifier(target)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for AssignTarget {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Identifier(id) => visitor.visit_identifier(id),
+            Self::Access(pa) => visitor.visit_property_access(pa),
+            Self::Pattern(pat) => visitor.visit_pattern(pat),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Identifier(id) => visitor.visit_identifier_mut(id),
+            Self::Access(pa) => visitor.visit_property_access_mut(pa),
+            Self::Pattern(pat) => visitor.visit_pattern_mut(pat),
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/operator/assign/op.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+/// An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right operand.
+///
+/// The simple assignment operator is equal (`=`), which assigns the value of its right operand to its
+/// left operand. That is, `x = y` assigns the value of `y to x`.
+///
+/// There are also compound assignment operators that are shorthand for the operations
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#Assignment
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AssignOp {
+    /// The assignment operator assigns the value of the right operand to the left operand.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x = y`
+
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment
+    Assign,
+    /// The addition assignment operator adds the value of the right operand to a variable and assigns the result to the variable.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x += y`
+    ///
+    /// The types of the two operands determine the behavior of the addition assignment operator. Addition or concatenation is possible.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment_Operators#Addition_assignment
+    Add,
+
+    /// The subtraction assignment operator subtracts the value of the right operand from a variable and assigns the result to the variable.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x -= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment_Operators#Subtraction_assignment
+    Sub,
+
+    /// The multiplication assignment operator multiplies a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x *= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment_Operators#Multiplication_assignment
+    Mul,
+
+    /// The division assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x /= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment_Operators#Division_assignment
+    Div,
+
+    /// The remainder assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the remainder to the variable.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x %= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment_Operators#Remainder_assignment
+    Mod,
+
+    /// The exponentiation assignment operator raises the value of a variable to the power of the right operand.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x ** y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment_Operators#Exponentiation_assignment
+    Exp,
+
+    /// The bitwise AND assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise AND operation on
+    /// them and assigns the result to the variable.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x &= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment_Operators#Bitwise_AND_assignment
+    And,
+
+    /// The bitwise OR assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise OR operation on
+    /// them and assigns the result to the variable.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x |= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment_Operators#Bitwise_OR_assignment
+    Or,
+
+    /// The bitwise XOR assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise XOR operation on
+    /// them and assigns the result to the variable.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x ^= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment_Operators#Bitwise_XOR_assignment
+    Xor,
+
+    /// The left shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the left and assigns the result to the variable.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x <<= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment_Operators#Left_shift_assignment
+    Shl,
+
+    /// The right shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x >>= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Assignment_Operators#Right_shift_assignment
+    Shr,
+
+    /// The unsigned right shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x >>>= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Unsigned_right_shift_assignment
+    Ushr,
+
+    /// The logical and assignment operator only assigns if the target variable is truthy.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x &&= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Logical_AND_assignment
+    BoolAnd,
+
+    /// The logical or assignment operator only assigns if the target variable is falsy.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x ||= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Logical_OR_assignment
+    BoolOr,
+
+    /// The logical nullish assignment operator only assigns if the target variable is nullish (null or undefined).
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x ??= y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Logical_nullish_assignment
+    Coalesce,
+}
+
+impl AssignOp {
+    /// Retrieves the operation as a static string.
+    const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Assign => "=",
+            Self::Add => "+=",
+            Self::Sub => "-=",
+            Self::Mul => "*=",
+            Self::Exp => "**=",
+            Self::Div => "/=",
+            Self::Mod => "%=",
+            Self::And => "&=",
+            Self::Or => "|=",
+            Self::Xor => "^=",
+            Self::Shl => "<<=",
+            Self::Shr => ">>=",
+            Self::Ushr => ">>>=",
+            Self::BoolAnd => "&&=",
+            Self::BoolOr => "||=",
+            Self::Coalesce => "??=",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for AssignOp {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/operator/binary/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+//! Binary expression nodes.
+//!
+//! A Binary expression comprises any operation between two expressions (excluding assignments),
+//! such as:
+//! - [Logic operations][logic] (`||`, `&&`).
+//! - [Relational math][relat] (`==`, `<`).
+//! - [Bit manipulation][bit] (`^`, `|`).
+//! - [Arithmetic][arith] (`+`, `%`).
+//! - The [comma operator][comma] (`,`)
+//!
+//! [logic]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators#binary_logical_operators
+//! [relat]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators#relational_operators
+//! [bit]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators#binary_bitwise_operators
+//! [arith]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators#arithmetic_operators
+//! [comma]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comma_Operator
+
+mod op;
+
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+pub use op::*;
+
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+
+use crate::{
+    expression::Expression,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+};
+
+/// Binary operations require two operands, one before the operator and one after the operator.
+///
+/// See the [module level documentation][self] for more information.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Binary {
+    op: BinaryOp,
+    lhs: Box<Expression>,
+    rhs: Box<Expression>,
+}
+
+impl Binary {
+    /// Creates a `BinOp` AST Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(op: BinaryOp, lhs: Expression, rhs: Expression) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            op,
+            lhs: Box::new(lhs),
+            rhs: Box::new(rhs),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the binary operation of the Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn op(&self) -> BinaryOp {
+        self.op
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the left hand side of the binary operation.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn lhs(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.lhs
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the right hand side of the binary operation.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn rhs(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.rhs
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Binary {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{} {} {}",
+            self.lhs.to_interned_string(interner),
+            self.op,
+            self.rhs.to_interned_string(interner)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Binary> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(op: Binary) -> Self {
+        Self::Binary(op)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Binary {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.lhs));
+        visitor.visit_expression(&self.rhs)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.lhs));
+        visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.rhs)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/operator/binary/op.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,578 @@
+//! This module implements various structure for logic handling.
+
+use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter, Result};
+
+/// This represents a binary operation between two values.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum BinaryOp {
+    /// Numeric operation.
+    ///
+    /// see: [`NumOp`](enum.NumOp.html)
+    Arithmetic(ArithmeticOp),
+
+    /// Bitwise operation.
+    ///
+    /// see: [`BitOp`](enum.BitOp.html).
+    Bitwise(BitwiseOp),
+
+    /// Comparative operation.
+    ///
+    /// see: [`CompOp`](enum.CompOp.html).
+    Relational(RelationalOp),
+
+    /// Logical operation.
+    ///
+    /// see: [`LogOp`](enum.LogOp.html).
+    Logical(LogicalOp),
+
+    /// Comma operation.
+    Comma,
+}
+
+impl From<ArithmeticOp> for BinaryOp {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(op: ArithmeticOp) -> Self {
+        Self::Arithmetic(op)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<BitwiseOp> for BinaryOp {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(op: BitwiseOp) -> Self {
+        Self::Bitwise(op)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<RelationalOp> for BinaryOp {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(op: RelationalOp) -> Self {
+        Self::Relational(op)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<LogicalOp> for BinaryOp {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(op: LogicalOp) -> Self {
+        Self::Logical(op)
+    }
+}
+
+impl BinaryOp {
+    /// Retrieves the operation as a static string.
+    const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Arithmetic(ref op) => op.as_str(),
+            Self::Bitwise(ref op) => op.as_str(),
+            Self::Relational(ref op) => op.as_str(),
+            Self::Logical(ref op) => op.as_str(),
+            Self::Comma => ",",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for BinaryOp {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Arithmetic operators take numerical values (either literals or variables)
+/// as their operands and return a single numerical value.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#Arithmetic
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ArithmeticOp {
+    /// The addition operator produces the sum of numeric operands or string concatenation.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x + y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec].
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-addition-operator-plus
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Addition
+    Add,
+
+    /// The subtraction operator subtracts the two operands, producing their difference.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x - y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec].
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-subtraction-operator-minus
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Subtraction
+    Sub,
+
+    /// The division operator produces the quotient of its operands where the left operand
+    /// is the dividend and the right operand is the divisor.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x / y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-MultiplicativeOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Division
+    Div,
+
+    /// The multiplication operator produces the product of the operands.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x * y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-MultiplicativeExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Multiplication
+    Mul,
+
+    /// The exponentiation operator returns the result of raising the first operand to
+    /// the power of the second operand.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x ** y`
+    ///
+    /// The exponentiation operator is right-associative. a ** b ** c is equal to a ** (b ** c).
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-exp-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Exponentiation
+    Exp,
+
+    /// The remainder operator returns the remainder left over when one operand is divided by a second operand.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x % y`
+    ///
+    /// The remainder operator always takes the sign of the dividend.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-MultiplicativeOperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Remainder
+    Mod,
+}
+
+impl ArithmeticOp {
+    /// Retrieves the operation as a static string.
+    const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Add => "+",
+            Self::Sub => "-",
+            Self::Div => "/",
+            Self::Mul => "*",
+            Self::Exp => "**",
+            Self::Mod => "%",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for ArithmeticOp {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A bitwise operator is an operator used to perform bitwise operations
+/// on bit patterns or binary numerals that involve the manipulation of individual bits.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#Bitwise
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum BitwiseOp {
+    /// Performs the AND operation on each pair of bits. a AND b yields 1 only if both a and b are 1.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x & y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BitwiseANDExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Bitwise_Operators#Bitwise_AND
+    And,
+
+    /// Performs the OR operation on each pair of bits. a OR b yields 1 if either a or b is 1.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x | y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BitwiseORExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Bitwise_Operators#Bitwise_OR
+    Or,
+
+    /// Performs the XOR operation on each pair of bits. a XOR b yields 1 if a and b are different.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x ^ y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BitwiseXORExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Bitwise_Operators#Bitwise_XOR
+    Xor,
+
+    /// This operator shifts the first operand the specified number of bits to the left.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x << y`
+    ///
+    /// Excess bits shifted off to the left are discarded. Zero bits are shifted in from the right.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-left-shift-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Bitwise_Operators#Left_shift
+    Shl,
+
+    /// This operator shifts the first operand the specified number of bits to the right.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x >> y`
+    ///
+    /// Excess bits shifted off to the right are discarded. Copies of the leftmost bit
+    /// are shifted in from the left. Since the new leftmost bit has the same value as
+    /// the previous leftmost bit, the sign bit (the leftmost bit) does not change.
+    /// Hence the name "sign-propagating".
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-signed-right-shift-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Bitwise_Operators#Right_shift
+    Shr,
+
+    /// This operator shifts the first operand the specified number of bits to the right.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x >>> y`
+    ///
+    /// Excess bits shifted off to the right are discarded. Zero bits are shifted in
+    /// from the left. The sign bit becomes 0, so the result is always non-negative.
+    /// Unlike the other bitwise operators, zero-fill right shift returns an unsigned 32-bit integer.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-unsigned-right-shift-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Bitwise_Operators#Unsigned_right_shift
+    UShr,
+}
+
+impl BitwiseOp {
+    /// Retrieves the operation as a static string.
+    const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::And => "&",
+            Self::Or => "|",
+            Self::Xor => "^",
+            Self::Shl => "<<",
+            Self::Shr => ">>",
+            Self::UShr => ">>>",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for BitwiseOp {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A relational operator compares its operands and returns a logical value based on whether the relation is true.
+///
+/// The operands can be numerical, string, logical, or object values. Strings are compared based on standard
+/// lexicographical ordering, using Unicode values. In most cases, if the two operands are not of the same type,
+/// JavaScript attempts to convert them to an appropriate type for the comparison. This behavior generally results in
+/// comparing the operands numerically. The sole exceptions to type conversion within comparisons involve the `===` and `!==`
+/// operators, which perform strict equality and inequality comparisons. These operators do not attempt to convert the operands
+/// to compatible types before checking equality.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-testing-and-comparison-operations
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#Comparison
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum RelationalOp {
+    /// The equality operator converts the operands if they are not of the same type, then applies
+    /// strict comparison.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `y == y`
+    ///
+    /// If both operands are objects, then JavaScript compares internal references which are equal
+    /// when operands refer to the same object in memory.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-abstract-equality-comparison
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators#Equality
+    Equal,
+
+    /// The inequality operator returns `true` if the operands are not equal.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x != y`
+    ///
+    /// If the two operands are not of the same type, JavaScript attempts to convert the operands
+    /// to an appropriate type for the comparison. If both operands are objects, then JavaScript
+    /// compares internal references which are not equal when operands refer to different objects
+    /// in memory.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-EqualityExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators#Inequality
+    NotEqual,
+
+    /// The identity operator returns `true` if the operands are strictly equal **with no type
+    /// conversion**.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x === y`
+    ///
+    /// Returns `true` if the operands are equal and of the same type.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-strict-equality-comparison
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators#Identity
+    StrictEqual,
+
+    /// The non-identity operator returns `true` if the operands **are not equal and/or not of the
+    /// same type**.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x !== y`
+    ///
+    /// Returns `true` if the operands are of the same type but not equal, or are of different type.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-EqualityExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators#Nonidentity>
+    StrictNotEqual,
+
+    /// The greater than operator returns `true` if the left operand is greater than the right
+    /// operand.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x > y`
+    ///
+    /// Returns `true` if the left operand is greater than the right operand.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-RelationalExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators#Greater_than_operator
+    GreaterThan,
+
+    /// The greater than or equal operator returns `true` if the left operand is greater than or
+    /// equal to the right operand.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x >= y`
+    ///
+    /// Returns `true` if the left operand is greater than the right operand.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-RelationalExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators#Greater_than_operator
+    GreaterThanOrEqual,
+
+    /// The less than operator returns `true` if the left operand is less than the right operand.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x < y`
+    ///
+    /// Returns `true` if the left operand is less than the right operand.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-RelationalExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators#Less_than_operator
+    LessThan,
+
+    /// The less than or equal operator returns `true` if the left operand is less than or equal to
+    /// the right operand.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x <= y`
+    ///
+    /// Returns `true` if the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-RelationalExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators#Less_than_or_equal_operator
+    LessThanOrEqual,
+
+    /// The `in` operator returns `true` if the specified property is in the specified object or
+    /// its prototype chain.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `prop in object`
+    ///
+    /// Returns `true` the specified property is in the specified object or its prototype chain.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-RelationalExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/in
+    In,
+
+    /// The `instanceof` operator returns `true` if the specified object is an instance of the
+    /// right hand side object.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `obj instanceof Object`
+    ///
+    /// Returns `true` the `prototype` property of the right hand side constructor appears anywhere
+    /// in the prototype chain of the object.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-RelationalExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/instanceof
+    InstanceOf,
+}
+
+impl RelationalOp {
+    /// Retrieves the operation as a static string.
+    const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Equal => "==",
+            Self::NotEqual => "!=",
+            Self::StrictEqual => "===",
+            Self::StrictNotEqual => "!==",
+            Self::GreaterThan => ">",
+            Self::GreaterThanOrEqual => ">=",
+            Self::LessThan => "<",
+            Self::LessThanOrEqual => "<=",
+            Self::In => "in",
+            Self::InstanceOf => "instanceof",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for RelationalOp {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Logical operators are typically used with Boolean (logical) values; when they are, they return a Boolean value.
+///
+/// However, the `&&` and `||` operators actually return the value of one of the specified operands,
+/// so if these operators are used with non-Boolean values, they may return a non-Boolean value.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-binary-logical-operators
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#Logical
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum LogicalOp {
+    /// The logical AND operator returns the value of the first operand if it can be coerced into `false`;
+    /// otherwise, it returns the second operand.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x && y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-LogicalANDExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Logical_Operators#Logical_AND
+    And,
+
+    /// The logical OR operator returns the value the first operand if it can be coerced into `true`;
+    /// otherwise, it returns the second operand.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x || y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-LogicalORExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Logical_Operators#Logical_OR
+    Or,
+
+    /// The nullish coalescing operator is a logical operator that returns the second operand
+    /// when its first operand is null or undefined, and otherwise returns its first operand.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x ?? y`
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-CoalesceExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Nullish_coalescing_operator
+    Coalesce,
+}
+
+impl LogicalOp {
+    /// Retrieves the operation as a static string.
+    const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::And => "&&",
+            Self::Or => "||",
+            Self::Coalesce => "??",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for LogicalOp {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/operator/conditional.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+use crate::{
+    expression::Expression,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// The `conditional` (ternary) operation is the only ECMAScript operation that takes three
+/// operands.
+///
+/// This operation takes three operands: a condition followed by a question mark (`?`),
+/// then an expression to execute `if` the condition is truthy followed by a colon (`:`),
+/// and finally the expression to execute if the condition is `false`.
+/// This operator is frequently used as a shortcut for the `if` statement.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ConditionalExpression
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Grammar_and_types#Literals
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Conditional {
+    condition: Box<Expression>,
+    if_true: Box<Expression>,
+    if_false: Box<Expression>,
+}
+
+impl Conditional {
+    /// Gets the condition of the `Conditional` expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn condition(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.condition
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the expression returned if `condition` is truthy.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn if_true(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.if_true
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the expression returned if `condition` is falsy.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn if_false(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.if_false
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `Conditional` AST Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(condition: Expression, if_true: Expression, if_false: Expression) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            condition: Box::new(condition),
+            if_true: Box::new(if_true),
+            if_false: Box::new(if_false),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Conditional {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{} ? {} : {}",
+            self.condition().to_interned_string(interner),
+            self.if_true().to_interned_string(interner),
+            self.if_false().to_interned_string(interner)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Conditional> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(cond_op: Conditional) -> Self {
+        Self::Conditional(cond_op)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Conditional {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.condition));
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.if_true));
+        visitor.visit_expression(&self.if_false)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.condition));
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.if_true));
+        visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.if_false)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/operator/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//! Operator expression nodes.
+//!
+//! An [operator][op] expression is an expression that takes an operator (such as `+`, `typeof`, `+=`)
+//! and one or more expressions and returns an expression as a result.
+//! An operator expression can be any of the following:
+//!
+//! - A [`Unary`] expression.
+//! - An [`Assign`] expression.
+//! - A [`Binary`] expression.
+//! - A [`Conditional`] expression.
+//!
+//! [op]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators
+
+mod conditional;
+
+pub mod assign;
+pub mod binary;
+pub mod unary;
+
+pub use self::{assign::Assign, binary::Binary, conditional::Conditional, unary::Unary};

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/operator/unary/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+//! Unary expression nodes.
+//!
+//! A Binary expression comprises any operation applied to a single expression. Some examples include:
+//!
+//! - [Increment and decrement operations][inc] (`++`, `--`).
+//! - The [`delete`][del] operator.
+//! - The [bitwise NOT][not] operator (`~`).
+//!
+//! The full list of valid unary operators is defined in [`UnaryOp`].
+//!
+//! [inc]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators#increment_and_decrement
+//! [del]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/delete
+//! [not]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Bitwise_NOT
+mod op;
+
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+pub use op::*;
+
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+
+use crate::expression::Expression;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+
+/// A unary expression is an operation with only one operand.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-UnaryExpression
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#Unary_operators
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Unary {
+    op: UnaryOp,
+    target: Box<Expression>,
+}
+
+impl Unary {
+    /// Creates a new `UnaryOp` AST Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(op: UnaryOp, target: Expression) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            op,
+            target: Box::new(target),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the unary operation of the Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn op(&self) -> UnaryOp {
+        self.op
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the target of this unary operator.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn target(&self) -> &Expression {
+        self.target.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Unary {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let space = match self.op {
+            UnaryOp::TypeOf | UnaryOp::Delete | UnaryOp::Void => " ",
+            _ => "",
+        };
+        format!(
+            "{}{space}{}",
+            self.op,
+            self.target.to_interned_string(interner)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Unary> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(op: Unary) -> Self {
+        Self::Unary(op)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Unary {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_expression(&self.target)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.target)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/operator/unary/op.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/// A unary operator is one that takes a single operand/argument and performs an operation.
+///
+/// A unary operation is an operation with only one operand. This operand comes either
+/// before or after the operator. Unary operators are more efficient than standard JavaScript
+/// function calls.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-UnaryExpression
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#Unary
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum UnaryOp {
+    /// The increment operator increments (adds one to) its operand and returns a value.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `++x`
+    ///
+    /// This operator increments and returns the value after incrementing.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-postfix-increment-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Increment
+    IncrementPost,
+
+    /// The increment operator increments (adds one to) its operand and returns a value.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x++`
+    ///
+    /// This operator increments and returns the value before incrementing.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-prefix-increment-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Increment
+    IncrementPre,
+
+    /// The decrement operator decrements (subtracts one from) its operand and returns a value.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `--x`
+    ///
+    /// This operator decrements and returns the value before decrementing.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-postfix-decrement-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Decrement
+    DecrementPost,
+
+    /// The decrement operator decrements (subtracts one from) its operand and returns a value.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `x--`
+    ///
+    /// This operator decrements the operand and returns the value after decrementing.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-prefix-decrement-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Decrement
+    DecrementPre,
+
+    /// The unary negation operator precedes its operand and negates it.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `-x`
+    ///
+    /// Converts non-numbers data types to numbers like unary plus,
+    /// however, it performs an additional operation, negation.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-unary-minus-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Unary_negation
+    Minus,
+
+    /// The unary plus operator attempts to convert the operand into a number, if it isn't already.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `+x`
+    ///
+    /// Although unary negation (`-`) also can convert non-numbers, unary plus is the fastest and preferred
+    /// way of converting something into a number, because it does not perform any other operations on the number.
+    /// It can convert `string` representations of integers and floats, as well as the non-string values `true`, `false`, and `null`.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-unary-plus-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Arithmetic_Operators#Unary_plus
+    Plus,
+
+    /// Returns `false` if its single operand can be converted to `true`; otherwise, returns `true`.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `!x`
+    ///
+    /// Boolean values simply get inverted: `!true === false` and `!false === true`.
+    /// Non-boolean values get converted to boolean values first, then are negated.
+    /// This means that it is possible to use a couple of NOT operators in series to explicitly
+    /// force the conversion of any value to the corresponding boolean primitive.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-logical-not-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Logical_Operators#Logical_NOT
+    Not,
+
+    /// Performs the NOT operator on each bit.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `~x`
+    ///
+    /// NOT `a` yields the inverted value (or one's complement) of `a`.
+    /// Bitwise NOTing any number x yields -(x + 1). For example, ~-5 yields 4.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-bitwise-not-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Bitwise_Operators#Bitwise_NOT
+    Tilde,
+
+    /// The `typeof` operator returns a string indicating the type of the unevaluated operand.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `typeof x` or `typeof(x)`
+    ///
+    /// The `typeof` is a JavaScript keyword that will return the type of a variable when you call it.
+    /// You can use this to validate function parameters or check if variables are defined.
+    /// There are other uses as well.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-typeof-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/typeof
+    TypeOf,
+
+    /// The JavaScript `delete` operator removes a property from an object.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `delete x`
+    ///
+    /// Unlike what common belief suggests, the delete operator has nothing to do with
+    /// directly freeing memory. Memory management is done indirectly via breaking references.
+    /// If no more references to the same property are held, it is eventually released automatically.
+    ///
+    /// The `delete` operator returns `true` for all cases except when the property is an
+    /// [own](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/hasOwnProperty)
+    /// [non-configurable](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Cant_delete)
+    /// property, in which case, `false` is returned in non-strict mode.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-delete-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/delete
+    Delete,
+
+    /// The `void` operator evaluates the given `expression` and then returns `undefined`.
+    ///
+    /// Syntax: `void x`
+    ///
+    /// This operator allows evaluating expressions that produce a value into places where an
+    /// expression that evaluates to `undefined` is desired.
+    /// The `void` operator is often used merely to obtain the `undefined` primitive value, usually using `void(0)`
+    /// (which is equivalent to `void 0`). In these cases, the global variable undefined can be used.
+    ///
+    /// When using an [immediately-invoked function expression](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/IIFE),
+    /// `void` can be used to force the function keyword to be treated as an expression instead of a declaration.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-void-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/void
+    Void,
+}
+
+impl UnaryOp {
+    /// Retrieves the operation as a static string.
+    const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::IncrementPost | Self::IncrementPre => "++",
+            Self::DecrementPost | Self::DecrementPre => "--",
+            Self::Plus => "+",
+            Self::Minus => "-",
+            Self::Not => "!",
+            Self::Tilde => "~",
+            Self::Delete => "delete",
+            Self::TypeOf => "typeof",
+            Self::Void => "void",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for UnaryOp {
+    #[inline]
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/optional.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+use super::{access::PropertyAccessField, Expression};
+use crate::{
+    function::PrivateName,
+    join_nodes, try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// List of valid operations in an [`Optional`] chain.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum OptionalOperationKind {
+    /// A property access (`a?.prop`).
+    SimplePropertyAccess {
+        /// The field accessed.
+        field: PropertyAccessField,
+    },
+    /// A private property access (`a?.#prop`).
+    PrivatePropertyAccess {
+        /// The private property accessed.
+        field: PrivateName,
+    },
+    /// A function call (`a?.(arg)`).
+    Call {
+        /// The args passed to the function call.
+        args: Box<[Expression]>,
+    },
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for OptionalOperationKind {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::SimplePropertyAccess { field } => visitor.visit_property_access_field(field),
+            Self::PrivatePropertyAccess { field } => visitor.visit_private_name(field),
+            Self::Call { args } => {
+                for arg in args.iter() {
+                    try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(arg));
+                }
+                ControlFlow::Continue(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::SimplePropertyAccess { field } => visitor.visit_property_access_field_mut(field),
+            Self::PrivatePropertyAccess { field } => visitor.visit_private_name_mut(field),
+            Self::Call { args } => {
+                for arg in args.iter_mut() {
+                    try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(arg));
+                }
+                ControlFlow::Continue(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Operation within an [`Optional`] chain.
+///
+/// An operation within an `Optional` chain can be either shorted or non-shorted. A shorted operation
+/// (`?.item`) will force the expression to return `undefined` if the target is `undefined` or `null`.
+/// In contrast, a non-shorted operation (`.prop`) will try to access the property, even if the target
+/// is `undefined` or `null`.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct OptionalOperation {
+    kind: OptionalOperationKind,
+    shorted: bool,
+}
+
+impl OptionalOperation {
+    /// Creates a new `OptionalOperation`.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(kind: OptionalOperationKind, shorted: bool) -> Self {
+        Self { kind, shorted }
+    }
+    /// Gets the kind of operation.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn kind(&self) -> &OptionalOperationKind {
+        &self.kind
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the operation short-circuits the [`Optional`] chain when the target is
+    /// `undefined` or `null`.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn shorted(&self) -> bool {
+        self.shorted
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for OptionalOperation {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let mut buf = if self.shorted {
+            String::from("?.")
+        } else {
+            if let OptionalOperationKind::SimplePropertyAccess {
+                field: PropertyAccessField::Const(name),
+            } = &self.kind
+            {
+                return format!(".{}", interner.resolve_expect(*name));
+            }
+
+            if let OptionalOperationKind::PrivatePropertyAccess { field } = &self.kind {
+                return format!(".#{}", interner.resolve_expect(field.description()));
+            }
+
+            String::new()
+        };
+        buf.push_str(&match &self.kind {
+            OptionalOperationKind::SimplePropertyAccess { field } => match field {
+                PropertyAccessField::Const(name) => interner.resolve_expect(*name).to_string(),
+                PropertyAccessField::Expr(expr) => {
+                    format!("[{}]", expr.to_interned_string(interner))
+                }
+            },
+            OptionalOperationKind::PrivatePropertyAccess { field } => {
+                format!("#{}", interner.resolve_expect(field.description()))
+            }
+            OptionalOperationKind::Call { args } => format!("({})", join_nodes(interner, args)),
+        });
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for OptionalOperation {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_optional_operation_kind(&self.kind)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_optional_operation_kind_mut(&mut self.kind)
+    }
+}
+
+/// An optional chain expression, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// [Optional chaining][mdn] allows for short-circuiting property accesses and function calls, which
+/// will return `undefined` instead of returning an error if the access target or the call is
+/// either `undefined` or `null`.
+///
+/// An example of optional chaining:
+///
+/// ```Javascript
+/// const adventurer = {
+///   name: 'Alice',
+///   cat: {
+///     name: 'Dinah'
+///   }
+/// };
+///
+/// console.log(adventurer.cat?.name); // Dinah
+/// console.log(adventurer.dog?.name); // undefined
+/// ```
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/multipage/ecmascript-language-expressions.html#prod-OptionalExpression
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Optional_chaining
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Optional {
+    target: Box<Expression>,
+    chain: Box<[OptionalOperation]>,
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Optional {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.target));
+        for op in self.chain.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_optional_operation(op));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.target));
+        for op in self.chain.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_optional_operation_mut(op));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Optional {
+    /// Creates a new `Optional` expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(target: Expression, chain: Box<[OptionalOperation]>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            target: Box::new(target),
+            chain,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the target of this `Optional` expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn target(&self) -> &Expression {
+        self.target.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the chain of accesses and calls that will be applied to the target at runtime.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn chain(&self) -> &[OptionalOperation] {
+        self.chain.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Optional> for Expression {
+    fn from(opt: Optional) -> Self {
+        Self::Optional(opt)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Optional {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let mut buf = self.target.to_interned_string(interner);
+
+        for item in &*self.chain {
+            buf.push_str(&item.to_interned_string(interner));
+        }
+
+        buf
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/spread.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+
+use super::Expression;
+
+/// The `spread` operator allows an iterable such as an array expression or string to be
+/// expanded.
+///
+/// Syntax: `...x`
+///
+/// It expands array expressions or strings in places where zero or more arguments (for
+/// function calls) or elements (for array literals)
+/// are expected, or an object expression to be expanded in places where zero or more key-value
+/// pairs (for object literals) are expected.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-SpreadElement
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_syntax
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(transparent))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Spread {
+    target: Box<Expression>,
+}
+
+impl Spread {
+    /// Gets the target expression to be expanded by the spread operator.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn target(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.target
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `Spread` AST Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(target: Expression) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            target: Box::new(target),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Spread {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        format!("...{}", self.target().to_interned_string(interner))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Spread> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(spread: Spread) -> Self {
+        Self::Spread(spread)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Spread {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_expression(&self.target)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.target)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/tagged_template.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+
+use super::Expression;
+
+/// A [`TaggedTemplate`][moz] expression, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// `TaggedTemplate`s are a type of template literals that are parsed by a custom function to generate
+/// arbitrary objects from the inner strings and expressions.
+///
+/// [moz]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Template_literals#tagged_templates
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-tagged-templates
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct TaggedTemplate {
+    tag: Box<Expression>,
+    raws: Box<[Sym]>,
+    cookeds: Box<[Option<Sym>]>,
+    exprs: Box<[Expression]>,
+}
+
+impl TaggedTemplate {
+    /// Creates a new tagged template with a tag, the list of raw strings, the cooked strings and
+    /// the expressions.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        tag: Expression,
+        raws: Box<[Sym]>,
+        cookeds: Box<[Option<Sym>]>,
+        exprs: Box<[Expression]>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tag: tag.into(),
+            raws,
+            cookeds,
+            exprs,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the tag function of the template.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn tag(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.tag
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the inner raw strings of the template.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn raws(&self) -> &[Sym] {
+        &self.raws
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the cooked strings of the template.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn cookeds(&self) -> &[Option<Sym>] {
+        &self.cookeds
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the interpolated expressions of the template.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn exprs(&self) -> &[Expression] {
+        &self.exprs
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for TaggedTemplate {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let mut buf = format!("{}`", self.tag.to_interned_string(interner));
+        for (&raw, expr) in self.raws.iter().zip(self.exprs.iter()) {
+            buf.push_str(&format!(
+                "{}${{{}}}",
+                interner.resolve_expect(raw),
+                expr.to_interned_string(interner)
+            ));
+        }
+        buf.push('`');
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<TaggedTemplate> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(template: TaggedTemplate) -> Self {
+        Self::TaggedTemplate(template)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for TaggedTemplate {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.tag));
+        for raw in self.raws.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_sym(raw));
+        }
+        for cooked in self.cookeds.iter().flatten() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_sym(cooked));
+        }
+        for expr in self.exprs.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(expr));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.tag));
+        for raw in self.raws.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_sym_mut(raw));
+        }
+        for cooked in self.cookeds.iter_mut().flatten() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_sym_mut(cooked));
+        }
+        for expr in self.exprs.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/expression/yield.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+
+use super::Expression;
+
+/// The `yield` keyword is used to pause and resume a generator function
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-YieldExpression
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/yield
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Yield {
+    target: Option<Box<Expression>>,
+    delegate: bool,
+}
+
+impl Yield {
+    /// Gets the target expression of this `Yield` statement.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn target(&self) -> Option<&Expression> {
+        self.target.as_ref().map(Box::as_ref)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if this `Yield` statement delegates to another generator or iterable object.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn delegate(&self) -> bool {
+        self.delegate
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `Yield` AST Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(expr: Option<Expression>, delegate: bool) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            target: expr.map(Box::new),
+            delegate,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Yield> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(r#yield: Yield) -> Self {
+        Self::Yield(r#yield)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Yield {
+    #[inline]
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let y = if self.delegate { "yield*" } else { "yield" };
+        if let Some(ex) = self.target() {
+            format!("{y} {}", ex.to_interned_string(interner))
+        } else {
+            y.to_owned()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Yield {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(expr) = &self.target {
+            visitor.visit_expression(expr)
+        } else {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(expr) = &mut self.target {
+            visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr)
+        } else {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/function/arrow_function.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use crate::{
+    expression::{Expression, Identifier},
+    join_nodes, StatementList,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use super::FormalParameterList;
+
+/// An arrow function expression, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// An [arrow function][mdn] expression is a syntactically compact alternative to a regular function
+/// expression. Arrow function expressions are ill suited as methods, and they cannot be used as
+/// constructors. Arrow functions cannot be used as constructors and will throw an error when
+/// used with new.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ArrowFunction
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Arrow_functions
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ArrowFunction {
+    name: Option<Identifier>,
+    parameters: FormalParameterList,
+    body: StatementList,
+}
+
+impl ArrowFunction {
+    /// Creates a new `ArrowFunctionDecl` AST Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        name: Option<Identifier>,
+        params: FormalParameterList,
+        body: StatementList,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            parameters: params,
+            body,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the name of the function declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn name(&self) -> Option<Identifier> {
+        self.name
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the name of the function declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_name(&mut self, name: Option<Identifier>) {
+        self.name = name;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the list of parameters of the arrow function.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn parameters(&self) -> &FormalParameterList {
+        &self.parameters
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the body of the arrow function.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &StatementList {
+        &self.body
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for ArrowFunction {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = format!("({}", join_nodes(interner, self.parameters.as_ref()));
+        if self.body().statements().is_empty() {
+            buf.push_str(") => {}");
+        } else {
+            buf.push_str(&format!(
+                ") => {{\n{}{}}}",
+                self.body.to_indented_string(interner, indentation + 1),
+                "    ".repeat(indentation)
+            ));
+        }
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ArrowFunction> for Expression {
+    fn from(decl: ArrowFunction) -> Self {
+        Self::ArrowFunction(decl)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for ArrowFunction {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier(ident));
+        }
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list(&self.parameters));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list(&self.body)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &mut self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier_mut(ident));
+        }
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list_mut(&mut self.parameters));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list_mut(&mut self.body)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/function/async_arrow_function.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+use std::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use super::FormalParameterList;
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use crate::{
+    expression::{Expression, Identifier},
+    join_nodes, StatementList,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString};
+
+/// An async arrow function expression, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// An [async arrow function][mdn] expression is a syntactically compact alternative to a regular function
+/// expression. Arrow function expressions are ill suited as methods, and they cannot be used as
+/// constructors. Arrow functions cannot be used as constructors and will throw an error when
+/// used with new.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AsyncArrowFunction
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Arrow_functions
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct AsyncArrowFunction {
+    name: Option<Identifier>,
+    parameters: FormalParameterList,
+    body: StatementList,
+}
+
+impl AsyncArrowFunction {
+    /// Creates a new `AsyncArrowFunction` AST Expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        name: Option<Identifier>,
+        parameters: FormalParameterList,
+        body: StatementList,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            parameters,
+            body,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the name of the function declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn name(&self) -> Option<Identifier> {
+        self.name
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the name of the function declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_name(&mut self, name: Option<Identifier>) {
+        self.name = name;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the list of parameters of the arrow function.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn parameters(&self) -> &FormalParameterList {
+        &self.parameters
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the body of the arrow function.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &StatementList {
+        &self.body
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for AsyncArrowFunction {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = format!("async ({}", join_nodes(interner, self.parameters.as_ref()));
+        if self.body().statements().is_empty() {
+            buf.push_str(") => {}");
+        } else {
+            buf.push_str(&format!(
+                ") => {{\n{}{}}}",
+                self.body.to_indented_string(interner, indentation + 1),
+                "    ".repeat(indentation)
+            ));
+        }
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<AsyncArrowFunction> for Expression {
+    fn from(decl: AsyncArrowFunction) -> Self {
+        Self::AsyncArrowFunction(decl)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for AsyncArrowFunction {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier(ident));
+        }
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list(&self.parameters));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list(&self.body)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &mut self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier_mut(ident));
+        }
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list_mut(&mut self.parameters));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list_mut(&mut self.body)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/function/async_function.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+//! Async Function Expression.
+
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use crate::{
+    expression::{Expression, Identifier},
+    join_nodes, Declaration, StatementList,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use super::FormalParameterList;
+
+/// An async function definition, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// An [async function][mdn] is a function where await expressions are allowed within it.
+/// The async and await keywords enable asynchronous programming on Javascript without the use
+/// of promise chains.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-async-function-definitions
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/async_function
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct AsyncFunction {
+    name: Option<Identifier>,
+    parameters: FormalParameterList,
+    body: StatementList,
+    has_binding_identifier: bool,
+}
+
+impl AsyncFunction {
+    /// Creates a new function expression
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        name: Option<Identifier>,
+        parameters: FormalParameterList,
+        body: StatementList,
+        has_binding_identifier: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            parameters,
+            body,
+            has_binding_identifier,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the name of the function declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn name(&self) -> Option<Identifier> {
+        self.name
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the list of parameters of the function declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn parameters(&self) -> &FormalParameterList {
+        &self.parameters
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the body of the function declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &StatementList {
+        &self.body
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the function expression has a binding identifier.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn has_binding_identifier(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_binding_identifier
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for AsyncFunction {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = "async function".to_owned();
+        if let Some(name) = self.name {
+            buf.push_str(&format!(" {}", interner.resolve_expect(name.sym())));
+        }
+        buf.push_str(&format!(
+            "({}",
+            join_nodes(interner, self.parameters.as_ref())
+        ));
+        if self.body().statements().is_empty() {
+            buf.push_str(") {}");
+        } else {
+            buf.push_str(&format!(
+                ") {{\n{}{}}}",
+                self.body.to_indented_string(interner, indentation + 1),
+                "    ".repeat(indentation)
+            ));
+        }
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<AsyncFunction> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(expr: AsyncFunction) -> Self {
+        Self::AsyncFunction(expr)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<AsyncFunction> for Declaration {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(f: AsyncFunction) -> Self {
+        Self::AsyncFunction(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for AsyncFunction {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier(ident));
+        }
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list(&self.parameters));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list(&self.body)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &mut self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier_mut(ident));
+        }
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list_mut(&mut self.parameters));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list_mut(&mut self.body)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/function/async_generator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+//! Async Generator Expression
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use crate::{
+    block_to_string,
+    expression::{Expression, Identifier},
+    join_nodes, Declaration, StatementList,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use super::FormalParameterList;
+
+/// An async generator definition, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// An [async generator][mdn] combines async functions with generators, making it possible to use
+/// `await` and `yield` expressions within the definition of the function.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-async-generator-function-definitions
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/async_function*
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct AsyncGenerator {
+    name: Option<Identifier>,
+    parameters: FormalParameterList,
+    body: StatementList,
+    has_binding_identifier: bool,
+}
+
+impl AsyncGenerator {
+    /// Creates a new async generator expression
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        name: Option<Identifier>,
+        parameters: FormalParameterList,
+        body: StatementList,
+        has_binding_identifier: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            parameters,
+            body,
+            has_binding_identifier,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the name of the async generator expression
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn name(&self) -> Option<Identifier> {
+        self.name
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the list of parameters of the async generator expression
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn parameters(&self) -> &FormalParameterList {
+        &self.parameters
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the body of the async generator expression
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &StatementList {
+        &self.body
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the function expression has a binding identifier.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn has_binding_identifier(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_binding_identifier
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for AsyncGenerator {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = "async function*".to_owned();
+        if let Some(name) = self.name {
+            buf.push_str(&format!(" {}", interner.resolve_expect(name.sym())));
+        }
+        buf.push_str(&format!(
+            "({}) {}",
+            join_nodes(interner, self.parameters.as_ref()),
+            block_to_string(&self.body, interner, indentation)
+        ));
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<AsyncGenerator> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(expr: AsyncGenerator) -> Self {
+        Self::AsyncGenerator(expr)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<AsyncGenerator> for Declaration {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(f: AsyncGenerator) -> Self {
+        Self::AsyncGenerator(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for AsyncGenerator {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier(ident));
+        }
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list(&self.parameters));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list(&self.body)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &mut self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier_mut(ident));
+        }
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list_mut(&mut self.parameters));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list_mut(&mut self.body)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/function/class.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,579 @@
+use super::Function;
+use crate::{
+    block_to_string,
+    expression::{Expression, Identifier},
+    join_nodes,
+    property::{MethodDefinition, PropertyName},
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+    Declaration, StatementList, ToStringEscaped,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+
+/// A class declaration, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// A [class][mdn] declaration defines a class with the specified methods, fields, and optional constructor.
+/// Classes can be used to create objects, which can also be created through literals (using `{}`).
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-class-definitions
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Class {
+    name: Option<Identifier>,
+    super_ref: Option<Expression>,
+    pub(crate) constructor: Option<Function>,
+    pub(crate) elements: Box<[ClassElement]>,
+    has_binding_identifier: bool,
+}
+
+impl Class {
+    /// Creates a new class declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        name: Option<Identifier>,
+        super_ref: Option<Expression>,
+        constructor: Option<Function>,
+        elements: Box<[ClassElement]>,
+        has_binding_identifier: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            super_ref,
+            constructor,
+            elements,
+            has_binding_identifier,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the name of the class.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn name(&self) -> Option<Identifier> {
+        self.name
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the super class ref of the class.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn super_ref(&self) -> Option<&Expression> {
+        self.super_ref.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the constructor of the class.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn constructor(&self) -> Option<&Function> {
+        self.constructor.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the list of all fields defined on the class.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn elements(&self) -> &[ClassElement] {
+        &self.elements
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the class has a binding identifier.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn has_binding_identifier(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_binding_identifier
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for Class {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indent_n: usize) -> String {
+        let class_name = self.name.map_or(Cow::Borrowed(""), |s| {
+            interner.resolve_expect(s.sym()).join(
+                Cow::Borrowed,
+                |utf16| Cow::Owned(utf16.to_string_escaped()),
+                true,
+            )
+        });
+        if self.elements.is_empty() && self.constructor().is_none() {
+            return format!(
+                "class {class_name}{} {{}}",
+                self.super_ref
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map_or_else(String::new, |sup| format!(
+                        " extends {}",
+                        sup.to_interned_string(interner)
+                    ))
+            );
+        }
+        let indentation = "    ".repeat(indent_n + 1);
+        let mut buf = format!(
+            "class {class_name}{} {{\n",
+            self.super_ref
+                .as_ref()
+                .map_or_else(String::new, |sup| format!(
+                    "extends {}",
+                    sup.to_interned_string(interner)
+                ))
+        );
+        if let Some(expr) = &self.constructor {
+            buf.push_str(&format!(
+                "{indentation}constructor({}) {}\n",
+                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref()),
+                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+            ));
+        }
+        for element in self.elements.iter() {
+            buf.push_str(&match element {
+                ClassElement::MethodDefinition(name, method) => {
+                    format!(
+                        "{indentation}{}{}({}) {}\n",
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(_) => "get ",
+                            MethodDefinition::Set(_) => "set ",
+                            _ => "",
+                        },
+                        name.to_interned_string(interner),
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Set(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Ordinary(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Generator(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::AsyncGenerator(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Async(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                        },
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Set(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Ordinary(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Generator(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::AsyncGenerator(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Async(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                        },
+                    )
+                }
+                ClassElement::StaticMethodDefinition(name, method) => {
+                    format!(
+                        "{indentation}static {}{}({}) {}\n",
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(_) => "get ",
+                            MethodDefinition::Set(_) => "set ",
+                            _ => "",
+                        },
+                        name.to_interned_string(interner),
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Set(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Ordinary(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Generator(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::AsyncGenerator(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Async(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                        },
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Set(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Ordinary(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Generator(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::AsyncGenerator(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Async(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                        },
+                    )
+                }
+                ClassElement::FieldDefinition(name, field) => match field {
+                    Some(expr) => {
+                        format!(
+                            "{indentation}{} = {};\n",
+                            name.to_interned_string(interner),
+                            expr.to_no_indent_string(interner, indent_n + 1)
+                        )
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        format!("{indentation}{};\n", name.to_interned_string(interner),)
+                    }
+                },
+                ClassElement::StaticFieldDefinition(name, field) => match field {
+                    Some(expr) => {
+                        format!(
+                            "{indentation}static {} = {};\n",
+                            name.to_interned_string(interner),
+                            expr.to_no_indent_string(interner, indent_n + 1)
+                        )
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        format!(
+                            "{indentation}static {};\n",
+                            name.to_interned_string(interner),
+                        )
+                    }
+                },
+                ClassElement::PrivateMethodDefinition(name, method) => {
+                    format!(
+                        "{indentation}{}#{}({}) {}\n",
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(_) => "get ",
+                            MethodDefinition::Set(_) => "set ",
+                            _ => "",
+                        },
+                        interner.resolve_expect(name.description()),
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Set(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Ordinary(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Generator(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::AsyncGenerator(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Async(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                        },
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Set(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Ordinary(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Generator(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::AsyncGenerator(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Async(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                        },
+                    )
+                }
+                ClassElement::PrivateStaticMethodDefinition(name, method) => {
+                    format!(
+                        "{indentation}static {}#{}({}) {}\n",
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(_) => "get ",
+                            MethodDefinition::Set(_) => "set ",
+                            _ => "",
+                        },
+                        interner.resolve_expect(name.description()),
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Set(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Ordinary(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Generator(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::AsyncGenerator(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Async(expr) => {
+                                join_nodes(interner, expr.parameters().as_ref())
+                            }
+                        },
+                        match &method {
+                            MethodDefinition::Get(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Set(expr)
+                            | MethodDefinition::Ordinary(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Generator(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::AsyncGenerator(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                            MethodDefinition::Async(expr) => {
+                                block_to_string(expr.body(), interner, indent_n + 1)
+                            }
+                        },
+                    )
+                }
+                ClassElement::PrivateFieldDefinition(name, field) => match field {
+                    Some(expr) => {
+                        format!(
+                            "{indentation}#{} = {};\n",
+                            interner.resolve_expect(name.description()),
+                            expr.to_no_indent_string(interner, indent_n + 1)
+                        )
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        format!(
+                            "{indentation}#{};\n",
+                            interner.resolve_expect(name.description()),
+                        )
+                    }
+                },
+                ClassElement::PrivateStaticFieldDefinition(name, field) => match field {
+                    Some(expr) => {
+                        format!(
+                            "{indentation}static #{} = {};\n",
+                            interner.resolve_expect(name.description()),
+                            expr.to_no_indent_string(interner, indent_n + 1)
+                        )
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        format!(
+                            "{indentation}static #{};\n",
+                            interner.resolve_expect(name.description()),
+                        )
+                    }
+                },
+                ClassElement::StaticBlock(statement_list) => {
+                    format!(
+                        "{indentation}static {}\n",
+                        block_to_string(statement_list, interner, indent_n + 1)
+                    )
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        buf.push('}');
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Class> for Expression {
+    fn from(expr: Class) -> Self {
+        Self::Class(Box::new(expr))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Class> for Declaration {
+    fn from(f: Class) -> Self {
+        Self::Class(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Class {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier(ident));
+        }
+        if let Some(expr) = &self.super_ref {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(expr));
+        }
+        if let Some(func) = &self.constructor {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_function(func));
+        }
+        for elem in self.elements.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_class_element(elem));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &mut self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier_mut(ident));
+        }
+        if let Some(expr) = &mut self.super_ref {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr));
+        }
+        if let Some(func) = &mut self.constructor {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_function_mut(func));
+        }
+        for elem in self.elements.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_class_element_mut(elem));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// An element that can be within a [`Class`], as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ClassElement
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ClassElement {
+    /// A method definition, including `get` and `set` accessors.
+    MethodDefinition(PropertyName, MethodDefinition),
+
+    /// A static method definition, accessible from the class constructor object.
+    StaticMethodDefinition(PropertyName, MethodDefinition),
+
+    /// A field definition.
+    FieldDefinition(PropertyName, Option<Expression>),
+
+    /// A static field definition, accessible from the class constructor object
+    StaticFieldDefinition(PropertyName, Option<Expression>),
+
+    /// A private method definition, only accessible inside the class declaration.
+    PrivateMethodDefinition(PrivateName, MethodDefinition),
+
+    /// A private static method definition, only accessible from static methods and fields inside
+    /// the class declaration.
+    PrivateStaticMethodDefinition(PrivateName, MethodDefinition),
+
+    /// A private field definition, only accessible inside the class declaration.
+    PrivateFieldDefinition(PrivateName, Option<Expression>),
+
+    /// A private static field definition, only accessible from static methods and fields inside the
+    /// class declaration.
+    PrivateStaticFieldDefinition(PrivateName, Option<Expression>),
+
+    /// A static block, where a class can have initialization logic for its static fields.
+    StaticBlock(StatementList),
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for ClassElement {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::MethodDefinition(pn, md) | Self::StaticMethodDefinition(pn, md) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name(pn));
+                visitor.visit_method_definition(md)
+            }
+            Self::FieldDefinition(pn, maybe_expr) | Self::StaticFieldDefinition(pn, maybe_expr) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name(pn));
+                if let Some(expr) = maybe_expr {
+                    visitor.visit_expression(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            Self::PrivateMethodDefinition(name, md)
+            | Self::PrivateStaticMethodDefinition(name, md) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_private_name(name));
+                visitor.visit_method_definition(md)
+            }
+            Self::PrivateFieldDefinition(name, maybe_expr)
+            | Self::PrivateStaticFieldDefinition(name, maybe_expr) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_private_name(name));
+                if let Some(expr) = maybe_expr {
+                    visitor.visit_expression(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            Self::StaticBlock(sl) => visitor.visit_statement_list(sl),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::MethodDefinition(pn, md) | Self::StaticMethodDefinition(pn, md) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name_mut(pn));
+                visitor.visit_method_definition_mut(md)
+            }
+            Self::FieldDefinition(pn, maybe_expr) | Self::StaticFieldDefinition(pn, maybe_expr) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name_mut(pn));
+                if let Some(expr) = maybe_expr {
+                    visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            Self::PrivateMethodDefinition(name, md)
+            | Self::PrivateStaticMethodDefinition(name, md) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_private_name_mut(name));
+                visitor.visit_method_definition_mut(md)
+            }
+            Self::PrivateFieldDefinition(name, maybe_expr)
+            | Self::PrivateStaticFieldDefinition(name, maybe_expr) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_private_name_mut(name));
+                if let Some(expr) = maybe_expr {
+                    visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            Self::StaticBlock(sl) => visitor.visit_statement_list_mut(sl),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A private name as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-private-names
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct PrivateName {
+    /// The `[[Description]]` internal slot of the private name.
+    description: Sym,
+
+    /// The indices of the private name are included to ensure that private names are unique.
+    pub(crate) indices: (usize, usize),
+}
+
+impl PrivateName {
+    /// Create a new private name.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(description: Sym) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            description,
+            indices: (0, 0),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the description of the private name.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn description(&self) -> Sym {
+        self.description
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for PrivateName {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_sym(&self.description)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_sym_mut(&mut self.description)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/function/generator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+use crate::{
+    block_to_string,
+    expression::{Expression, Identifier},
+    join_nodes, Declaration, StatementList,
+};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString};
+
+use super::FormalParameterList;
+
+/// A generator definition, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// [Generators][mdn] are "resumable functions", which can be suspended during execution and
+/// resumed at any later time. The main feature of a generator are `yield` expressions, which
+/// specifies the value returned when a generator is suspended, and the point from which
+/// the execution will resume.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-generator-function-definitions
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function*
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Generator {
+    name: Option<Identifier>,
+    parameters: FormalParameterList,
+    body: StatementList,
+    has_binding_identifier: bool,
+}
+
+impl Generator {
+    /// Creates a new generator expression
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        name: Option<Identifier>,
+        parameters: FormalParameterList,
+        body: StatementList,
+        has_binding_identifier: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            parameters,
+            body,
+            has_binding_identifier,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the name of the generator declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn name(&self) -> Option<Identifier> {
+        self.name
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the list of parameters of the generator declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn parameters(&self) -> &FormalParameterList {
+        &self.parameters
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the body of the generator declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &StatementList {
+        &self.body
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the function expression has a binding identifier.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn has_binding_identifier(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_binding_identifier
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for Generator {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = "function*".to_owned();
+        if let Some(name) = self.name {
+            buf.push_str(&format!(" {}", interner.resolve_expect(name.sym())));
+        }
+        buf.push_str(&format!(
+            "({}) {}",
+            join_nodes(interner, self.parameters.as_ref()),
+            block_to_string(&self.body, interner, indentation)
+        ));
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Generator> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(expr: Generator) -> Self {
+        Self::Generator(expr)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Generator> for Declaration {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(f: Generator) -> Self {
+        Self::Generator(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Generator {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier(ident));
+        }
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list(&self.parameters));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list(&self.body)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &mut self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier_mut(ident));
+        }
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list_mut(&mut self.parameters));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list_mut(&mut self.body)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/function/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+//! Functions and classes nodes, as defined by the [spec].
+//!
+//! [Functions][func] are mainly subprograms that can be called by external code to execute a sequence of
+//! statements (the *body* of the function). Javascript functions fall in several categories:
+//!
+//! - [`Function`]s.
+//! - [`ArrowFunction`]s.
+//! - [`AsyncArrowFunction`]s.
+//! - [`Generator`]s.
+//! - [`AsyncFunction`]s.
+//! - [`AsyncGenerator`]s.
+//!
+//! All of them can be declared in either [declaration][decl] form or [expression][expr] form,
+//! except from `ArrowFunction`s and `AsyncArrowFunction`s, which can only be declared in expression form.
+//!
+//! This module also contains [`Class`]es, which are templates for creating objects. Classes
+//! can also be declared in either declaration or expression form.
+//!
+//! [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-functions-and-classes
+//! [func]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions
+//! [decl]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
+//! [expr]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/function
+
+mod arrow_function;
+mod async_arrow_function;
+mod async_function;
+mod async_generator;
+mod class;
+mod generator;
+mod parameters;
+
+pub use arrow_function::ArrowFunction;
+pub use async_arrow_function::AsyncArrowFunction;
+pub use async_function::AsyncFunction;
+pub use async_generator::AsyncGenerator;
+pub use class::{Class, ClassElement, PrivateName};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+pub use generator::Generator;
+pub use parameters::{FormalParameter, FormalParameterList, FormalParameterListFlags};
+
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use crate::{block_to_string, join_nodes, StatementList};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString};
+
+use super::expression::{Expression, Identifier};
+use super::Declaration;
+
+/// A function definition, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// By default, functions return `undefined`. To return any other value, the function must have
+/// a return statement that specifies the value to return.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-function-definitions
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Function {
+    name: Option<Identifier>,
+    parameters: FormalParameterList,
+    body: StatementList,
+    has_binding_identifier: bool,
+}
+
+impl Function {
+    /// Creates a new function expression.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        name: Option<Identifier>,
+        parameters: FormalParameterList,
+        body: StatementList,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            parameters,
+            body,
+            has_binding_identifier: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new function expression with an expression binding identifier.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new_with_binding_identifier(
+        name: Option<Identifier>,
+        parameters: FormalParameterList,
+        body: StatementList,
+        has_binding_identifier: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            parameters,
+            body,
+            has_binding_identifier,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the name of the function declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn name(&self) -> Option<Identifier> {
+        self.name
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the list of parameters of the function declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn parameters(&self) -> &FormalParameterList {
+        &self.parameters
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the body of the function declaration.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &StatementList {
+        &self.body
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the function expression has a binding identifier.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn has_binding_identifier(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_binding_identifier
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for Function {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = "function".to_owned();
+        if let Some(name) = self.name {
+            buf.push_str(&format!(" {}", interner.resolve_expect(name.sym())));
+        }
+        buf.push_str(&format!(
+            "({}) {}",
+            join_nodes(interner, self.parameters.as_ref()),
+            block_to_string(&self.body, interner, indentation)
+        ));
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Function> for Expression {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(expr: Function) -> Self {
+        Self::Function(expr)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Function> for Declaration {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(f: Function) -> Self {
+        Self::Function(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Function {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier(ident));
+        }
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list(&self.parameters));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list(&self.body)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(ident) = &mut self.name {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier_mut(ident));
+        }
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_list_mut(&mut self.parameters));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list_mut(&mut self.body)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/function/parameters.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+use crate::{
+    declaration::{Binding, Variable},
+    expression::Expression,
+    operations::bound_names,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+};
+use bitflags::bitflags;
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
+
+/// A list of `FormalParameter`s that describes the parameters of a function, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-FormalParameterList
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
+pub struct FormalParameterList {
+    parameters: Box<[FormalParameter]>,
+    flags: FormalParameterListFlags,
+    length: u32,
+}
+
+impl FormalParameterList {
+    /// Creates a new empty formal parameter list.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            parameters: Box::new([]),
+            flags: FormalParameterListFlags::default(),
+            length: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `FormalParameterList` from a list of [`FormalParameter`]s.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn from_parameters(parameters: Vec<FormalParameter>) -> Self {
+        let mut flags = FormalParameterListFlags::default();
+        let mut length = 0;
+        let mut names = FxHashSet::default();
+
+        for parameter in &parameters {
+            let parameter_names = bound_names(parameter);
+
+            for name in parameter_names {
+                if name == Sym::ARGUMENTS {
+                    flags |= FormalParameterListFlags::HAS_ARGUMENTS;
+                }
+                if names.contains(&name) {
+                    flags |= FormalParameterListFlags::HAS_DUPLICATES;
+                } else {
+                    names.insert(name);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if parameter.is_rest_param() {
+                flags |= FormalParameterListFlags::HAS_REST_PARAMETER;
+            }
+            if parameter.init().is_some() {
+                flags |= FormalParameterListFlags::HAS_EXPRESSIONS;
+            }
+            if parameter.is_rest_param() || parameter.init().is_some() || !parameter.is_identifier()
+            {
+                flags.remove(FormalParameterListFlags::IS_SIMPLE);
+            }
+            if !(flags.contains(FormalParameterListFlags::HAS_EXPRESSIONS)
+                || parameter.is_rest_param()
+                || parameter.init().is_some())
+            {
+                length += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Self {
+            parameters: parameters.into(),
+            flags,
+            length,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the length of the parameter list.
+    /// Note that this is not equal to the length of the parameters slice.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn length(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.length
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the parameter list flags.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn flags(&self) -> FormalParameterListFlags {
+        self.flags
+    }
+
+    /// Indicates if the parameter list is simple.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_simple(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags.contains(FormalParameterListFlags::IS_SIMPLE)
+    }
+
+    /// Indicates if the parameter list has duplicate parameters.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn has_duplicates(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags
+            .contains(FormalParameterListFlags::HAS_DUPLICATES)
+    }
+
+    /// Indicates if the parameter list has a rest parameter.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn has_rest_parameter(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags
+            .contains(FormalParameterListFlags::HAS_REST_PARAMETER)
+    }
+
+    /// Indicates if the parameter list has expressions in it's parameters.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn has_expressions(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags
+            .contains(FormalParameterListFlags::HAS_EXPRESSIONS)
+    }
+
+    /// Indicates if the parameter list has parameters named 'arguments'.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn has_arguments(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags.contains(FormalParameterListFlags::HAS_ARGUMENTS)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Vec<FormalParameter>> for FormalParameterList {
+    fn from(parameters: Vec<FormalParameter>) -> Self {
+        Self::from_parameters(parameters)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<FormalParameter> for FormalParameterList {
+    fn from(parameter: FormalParameter) -> Self {
+        Self::from_parameters(vec![parameter])
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<[FormalParameter]> for FormalParameterList {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[FormalParameter] {
+        &self.parameters
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for FormalParameterList {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        for parameter in self.parameters.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter(parameter));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        for parameter in self.parameters.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_formal_parameter_mut(parameter));
+        }
+        // TODO recompute flags
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "fuzz")]
+impl<'a> arbitrary::Arbitrary<'a> for FormalParameterList {
+    fn arbitrary(u: &mut arbitrary::Unstructured<'a>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
+        let params: Vec<FormalParameter> = u.arbitrary()?;
+        Ok(Self::from(params))
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Flags for a [`FormalParameterList`].
+    #[allow(clippy::unsafe_derive_deserialize)]
+    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+    pub struct FormalParameterListFlags: u8 {
+        /// Has only identifier parameters with no initialization expressions.
+        const IS_SIMPLE = 0b0000_0001;
+        /// Has any duplicate parameters.
+        const HAS_DUPLICATES = 0b0000_0010;
+        /// Has a rest parameter.
+        const HAS_REST_PARAMETER = 0b0000_0100;
+        /// Has any initialization expression.
+        const HAS_EXPRESSIONS = 0b0000_1000;
+        /// Has an argument with the name `arguments`.
+        const HAS_ARGUMENTS = 0b0001_0000;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for FormalParameterListFlags {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::empty().union(Self::IS_SIMPLE)
+    }
+}
+
+/// "Formal parameter" is a fancy way of saying "function parameter".
+///
+/// In the declaration of a function, the parameters must be identifiers,
+/// not any value like numbers, strings, or objects.
+/// ```text
+/// function foo(formalParameter1, formalParameter2) {
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-FormalParameter
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Missing_formal_parameter
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct FormalParameter {
+    variable: Variable,
+    is_rest_param: bool,
+}
+
+impl FormalParameter {
+    /// Creates a new formal parameter.
+    pub fn new<D>(variable: D, is_rest_param: bool) -> Self
+    where
+        D: Into<Variable>,
+    {
+        Self {
+            variable: variable.into(),
+            is_rest_param,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the variable of the formal parameter
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn variable(&self) -> &Variable {
+        &self.variable
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the initialization node of the formal parameter, if any.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn init(&self) -> Option<&Expression> {
+        self.variable.init()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the parameter is a rest parameter.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_rest_param(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_rest_param
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the parameter is an identifier.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_identifier(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(&self.variable.binding(), Binding::Identifier(_))
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for FormalParameter {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let mut buf = if self.is_rest_param {
+            "...".to_owned()
+        } else {
+            String::new()
+        };
+        buf.push_str(&self.variable.to_interned_string(interner));
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for FormalParameter {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_variable(&self.variable)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_variable_mut(&mut self.variable)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/keyword.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+//! The `Keyword` AST node, which represents reserved words of the ECMAScript language.
+//!
+//! The [specification][spec] defines keywords as tokens that match an `IdentifierName`, but also
+//! have special meaning in ECMAScript. In ECMAScript, you cannot use these reserved words as variables,
+//! labels, or function names.
+//!
+//! The [MDN documentation][mdn] contains a more extensive explanation about keywords.
+//!
+//! [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-keywords-and-reserved-words
+//! [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Lexical_grammar#Keywords
+
+use crate::expression::operator::binary::{BinaryOp, RelationalOp};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym};
+use boa_macros::utf16;
+use std::{convert::TryFrom, error, fmt, str::FromStr};
+
+/// List of keywords recognized by the JavaScript grammar.
+///
+/// See the [module-level documentation][self] for more details.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub enum Keyword {
+    /// The `await` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AwaitExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/await
+    Await,
+
+    /// The `async` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AsyncMethod
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/async_function
+    Async,
+
+    /// The `break` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [break `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BreakStatement
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.Break
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/break
+    Break,
+
+    /// The `case` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [switch `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-CaseClause
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.Switch
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/switch
+    Case,
+
+    /// The `catch` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [try `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-Catch
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.Try
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/try...catch
+    Catch,
+
+    /// The `class` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ClassDeclaration
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/class
+    Class,
+
+    /// The `continue` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [continue `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ContinueStatement
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.Continue
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/continue
+    Continue,
+
+    /// The `const` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [const `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-let-and-const-declarations
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.ConstDecl
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const
+    Const,
+
+    /// The `debugger` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-debugger-statement
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/debugger
+    Debugger,
+
+    /// The `default` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [switch `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference default clause][spec-clause]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference default export][spec-export]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.Switch
+    /// [spec-clause]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-DefaultClause
+    /// [spec-export]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ImportedDefaultBinding
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/default
+    Default,
+
+    /// The `delete` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [delete `UnaryOp` documentation][unary]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-delete-operator
+    /// [unary]: ../op/enum.UnaryOp.html#variant.Delete
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/delete
+    Delete,
+
+    /// The `do` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-do-while-statement
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/do...while
+    Do,
+
+    /// The `else` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [if `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.If
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-IfStatement
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else
+    Else,
+
+    /// The `enum` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// Future reserved keyword.
+    Enum,
+
+    /// The `export` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-exports
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/export
+    Export,
+
+    /// The `extends` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ClassHeritage
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes/extends
+    Extends,
+
+    /// The `false` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BooleanLiteral
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+    False,
+
+    /// The `finally` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [try `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.Try
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-Finally
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/try...catch
+    Finally,
+
+    /// The `for` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [for loop `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.ForLoop
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ForDeclaration
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for
+    For,
+
+    /// The `function` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [function `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.FunctionDecl
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-terms-and-definitions-function
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
+    Function,
+
+    /// The `if` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [if `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.If
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-IfStatement
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else
+    If,
+
+    /// The `in` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-RelationalExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/in
+    In,
+
+    /// The `instanceof` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-instanceofoperator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/instanceof
+    InstanceOf,
+
+    /// The `import` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-imports
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/import
+    Import,
+
+    /// The `let` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [let `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.LetDecl
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-let-and-const-declarations
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/let
+    Let,
+
+    /// The `new` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [new `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.New
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-NewExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/new
+    New,
+
+    /// The `null` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-NullLiteral
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/null
+    Null,
+
+    /// The `of` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-for-in-and-for-of-statements
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for...of
+    Of,
+
+    /// The `return` keyword
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [return `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.Return
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ReturnStatement
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/return
+    Return,
+
+    /// The `super` keyword
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-super-keyword
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/super
+    Super,
+
+    /// The `switch` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [switch `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.Switch
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-SwitchStatement
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/switch
+    Switch,
+
+    /// The `this` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [this `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.This
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-this-keyword
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/this
+    This,
+
+    /// The `throw` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [throw `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.Throw
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-throw-statement
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/throw
+    Throw,
+
+    /// The `true` keyword
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BooleanLiteral
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+    True,
+
+    /// The `try` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [try `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.Try
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-TryStatement
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/try...catch
+    Try,
+
+    /// The `typeof` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [typeof `UnaryOp` documentation][unary]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [unary]: ../op/enum.UnaryOp.html#variant.TypeOf
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-typeof-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/typeof
+    TypeOf,
+
+    /// The `var` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [var `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.VarDecl
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-VariableStatement
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/var
+    Var,
+
+    /// The `void` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [void `UnaryOp` documentation][unary]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [unary]: ../op/enum.UnaryOp.html#variant.Void
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-void-operator
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/void
+    Void,
+
+    /// The `while` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [while `Node` documentation][node]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [node]: ../node/enum.Node.html#variant.While
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-grammar-notation-WhileStatement
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/while
+    While,
+
+    /// The `with` keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-WithStatement
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/with
+    With,
+
+    /// The 'yield' keyword.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-YieldExpression
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/yield
+    Yield,
+}
+
+impl Keyword {
+    /// Gets the keyword as a binary operation, if this keyword is the `in` or the `instanceof`
+    /// keywords.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn as_binary_op(self) -> Option<BinaryOp> {
+        match self {
+            Self::In => Some(BinaryOp::Relational(RelationalOp::In)),
+            Self::InstanceOf => Some(BinaryOp::Relational(RelationalOp::InstanceOf)),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the keyword as a tuple of strings.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn as_str(self) -> (&'static str, &'static [u16]) {
+        match self {
+            Self::Await => ("await", utf16!("await")),
+            Self::Async => ("async", utf16!("async")),
+            Self::Break => ("break", utf16!("break")),
+            Self::Case => ("case", utf16!("case")),
+            Self::Catch => ("catch", utf16!("catch")),
+            Self::Class => ("class", utf16!("class")),
+            Self::Continue => ("continue", utf16!("continue")),
+            Self::Const => ("const", utf16!("const")),
+            Self::Debugger => ("debugger", utf16!("debugger")),
+            Self::Default => ("default", utf16!("default")),
+            Self::Delete => ("delete", utf16!("delete")),
+            Self::Do => ("do", utf16!("do")),
+            Self::Else => ("else", utf16!("else")),
+            Self::Enum => ("enum", utf16!("enum")),
+            Self::Extends => ("extends", utf16!("extends")),
+            Self::Export => ("export", utf16!("export")),
+            Self::False => ("false", utf16!("false")),
+            Self::Finally => ("finally", utf16!("finally")),
+            Self::For => ("for", utf16!("for")),
+            Self::Function => ("function", utf16!("function")),
+            Self::If => ("if", utf16!("if")),
+            Self::In => ("in", utf16!("in")),
+            Self::InstanceOf => ("instanceof", utf16!("instanceof")),
+            Self::Import => ("import", utf16!("import")),
+            Self::Let => ("let", utf16!("let")),
+            Self::New => ("new", utf16!("new")),
+            Self::Null => ("null", utf16!("null")),
+            Self::Of => ("of", utf16!("of")),
+            Self::Return => ("return", utf16!("return")),
+            Self::Super => ("super", utf16!("super")),
+            Self::Switch => ("switch", utf16!("switch")),
+            Self::This => ("this", utf16!("this")),
+            Self::Throw => ("throw", utf16!("throw")),
+            Self::True => ("true", utf16!("true")),
+            Self::Try => ("try", utf16!("try")),
+            Self::TypeOf => ("typeof", utf16!("typeof")),
+            Self::Var => ("var", utf16!("var")),
+            Self::Void => ("void", utf16!("void")),
+            Self::While => ("while", utf16!("while")),
+            Self::With => ("with", utf16!("with")),
+            Self::Yield => ("yield", utf16!("yield")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: promote all keywords to statics inside Interner
+    /// Converts the keyword to a symbol in the given interner.
+    pub fn to_sym(self, interner: &mut Interner) -> Sym {
+        let (utf8, utf16) = self.as_str();
+        interner.get_or_intern_static(utf8, utf16)
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: Should use a proper Error
+impl TryFrom<Keyword> for BinaryOp {
+    type Error = String;
+
+    fn try_from(value: Keyword) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        value
+            .as_binary_op()
+            .ok_or_else(|| format!("No binary operation for {value}"))
+    }
+}
+
+/// The error type which is returned from parsing a [`str`] into a [`Keyword`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct KeywordError;
+impl fmt::Display for KeywordError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "invalid token")
+    }
+}
+
+// This is important for other errors to wrap this one.
+impl error::Error for KeywordError {
+    fn description(&self) -> &str {
+        "invalid token"
+    }
+}
+impl FromStr for Keyword {
+    type Err = KeywordError;
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s {
+            "await" => Ok(Self::Await),
+            "async" => Ok(Self::Async),
+            "break" => Ok(Self::Break),
+            "case" => Ok(Self::Case),
+            "catch" => Ok(Self::Catch),
+            "class" => Ok(Self::Class),
+            "continue" => Ok(Self::Continue),
+            "const" => Ok(Self::Const),
+            "debugger" => Ok(Self::Debugger),
+            "default" => Ok(Self::Default),
+            "delete" => Ok(Self::Delete),
+            "do" => Ok(Self::Do),
+            "else" => Ok(Self::Else),
+            "enum" => Ok(Self::Enum),
+            "extends" => Ok(Self::Extends),
+            "export" => Ok(Self::Export),
+            "false" => Ok(Self::False),
+            "finally" => Ok(Self::Finally),
+            "for" => Ok(Self::For),
+            "function" => Ok(Self::Function),
+            "if" => Ok(Self::If),
+            "in" => Ok(Self::In),
+            "instanceof" => Ok(Self::InstanceOf),
+            "import" => Ok(Self::Import),
+            "let" => Ok(Self::Let),
+            "new" => Ok(Self::New),
+            "null" => Ok(Self::Null),
+            "of" => Ok(Self::Of),
+            "return" => Ok(Self::Return),
+            "super" => Ok(Self::Super),
+            "switch" => Ok(Self::Switch),
+            "this" => Ok(Self::This),
+            "throw" => Ok(Self::Throw),
+            "true" => Ok(Self::True),
+            "try" => Ok(Self::Try),
+            "typeof" => Ok(Self::TypeOf),
+            "var" => Ok(Self::Var),
+            "void" => Ok(Self::Void),
+            "while" => Ok(Self::While),
+            "with" => Ok(Self::With),
+            "yield" => Ok(Self::Yield),
+            _ => Err(KeywordError),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Keyword {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Display::fmt(self.as_str().0, f)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+//! Boa's **`boa_ast`** crate implements an ECMAScript abstract syntax tree.
+//!
+//! # Crate Overview
+//! **`boa_ast`** contains representations of [**Parse Nodes**][grammar] as defined by the ECMAScript
+//! spec. Some `Parse Node`s are not represented by Boa's AST, because a lot of grammar productions
+//! are only used to throw [**Early Errors**][early], and don't influence the evaluation of the AST
+//! itself.
+//!
+//! Boa's AST is mainly split in three main components: [`Declaration`]s, [`Expression`]s and
+//! [`Statement`]s, with [`StatementList`] being the primordial Parse Node that combines
+//! all of them to create a proper AST.
+//!
+//! # About Boa
+//! Boa is an open-source, experimental ECMAScript Engine written in Rust for lexing, parsing and executing ECMAScript/JavaScript. Currently, Boa
+//! supports some of the [language][boa-conformance]. More information can be viewed at [Boa's website][boa-web].
+//!
+//! Try out the most recent release with Boa's live demo [playground][boa-playground].  
+//!
+//! # Boa Crates
+//!  - **`boa_ast`** - Boa's ECMAScript Abstract Syntax Tree.
+//!  - **`boa_engine`** - Boa's implementation of ECMAScript builtin objects and execution.
+//!  - **`boa_gc`** - Boa's garbage collector.
+//!  - **`boa_interner`** - Boa's string interner.
+//!  - **`boa_parser`** - Boa's lexer and parser.
+//!  - **`boa_profiler`** - Boa's code profiler.
+//!  - **`boa_unicode`** - Boa's Unicode identifier.
+//!  - **`boa_icu_provider`** - Boa's ICU4X data provider.
+//!
+//! [grammar]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-syntactic-grammar
+//! [early]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantic-rules
+//! [boa-conformance]: https://boa-dev.github.io/boa/test262/
+//! [boa-web]: https://boa-dev.github.io/
+//! [boa-playground]: https://boa-dev.github.io/boa/playground/
+
+#![doc(
+    html_logo_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/boa-dev/boa/main/assets/logo.svg",
+    html_favicon_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/boa-dev/boa/main/assets/logo.svg"
+)]
+#![cfg_attr(not(test), forbid(clippy::unwrap_used))]
+#![warn(missing_docs, clippy::dbg_macro)]
+#![deny(
+    // rustc lint groups https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/lints/groups.html
+    warnings,
+    future_incompatible,
+    let_underscore,
+    nonstandard_style,
+    rust_2018_compatibility,
+    rust_2018_idioms,
+    rust_2021_compatibility,
+    unused,
+
+    // rustc allowed-by-default lints https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/lints/listing/allowed-by-default.html
+    macro_use_extern_crate,
+    meta_variable_misuse,
+    missing_abi,
+    missing_copy_implementations,
+    missing_debug_implementations,
+    non_ascii_idents,
+    noop_method_call,
+    single_use_lifetimes,
+    trivial_casts,
+    trivial_numeric_casts,
+    unreachable_pub,
+    unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn,
+    unused_crate_dependencies,
+    unused_import_braces,
+    unused_lifetimes,
+    unused_qualifications,
+    unused_tuple_struct_fields,
+    variant_size_differences,
+
+    // rustdoc lints https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/lints.html
+    rustdoc::broken_intra_doc_links,
+    rustdoc::private_intra_doc_links,
+    rustdoc::missing_crate_level_docs,
+    rustdoc::private_doc_tests,
+    rustdoc::invalid_codeblock_attributes,
+    rustdoc::invalid_rust_codeblocks,
+    rustdoc::bare_urls,
+
+    // clippy categories https://doc.rust-lang.org/clippy/
+    clippy::all,
+    clippy::correctness,
+    clippy::suspicious,
+    clippy::style,
+    clippy::complexity,
+    clippy::perf,
+    clippy::pedantic,
+    clippy::nursery,
+)]
+#![allow(
+    clippy::module_name_repetitions,
+    clippy::too_many_lines,
+    clippy::option_if_let_else,
+    clippy::use_self
+)]
+
+mod position;
+mod punctuator;
+mod statement_list;
+
+pub mod declaration;
+pub mod expression;
+pub mod function;
+pub mod keyword;
+pub mod operations;
+pub mod pattern;
+pub mod property;
+pub mod statement;
+pub mod visitor;
+
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+
+pub use self::{
+    declaration::Declaration,
+    expression::Expression,
+    keyword::Keyword,
+    position::{Position, Span},
+    punctuator::Punctuator,
+    statement::Statement,
+    statement_list::{StatementList, StatementListItem},
+};
+
+/// Utility to join multiple Nodes into a single string.
+fn join_nodes<N>(interner: &Interner, nodes: &[N]) -> String
+where
+    N: ToInternedString,
+{
+    let mut first = true;
+    let mut buf = String::new();
+    for e in nodes {
+        if first {
+            first = false;
+        } else {
+            buf.push_str(", ");
+        }
+        buf.push_str(&e.to_interned_string(interner));
+    }
+    buf
+}
+
+/// Displays the body of a block or statement list.
+///
+/// This includes the curly braces at the start and end. This will not indent the first brace,
+/// but will indent the last brace.
+fn block_to_string(body: &StatementList, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+    if body.statements().is_empty() {
+        "{}".to_owned()
+    } else {
+        format!(
+            "{{\n{}{}}}",
+            body.to_indented_string(interner, indentation + 1),
+            "    ".repeat(indentation)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Utility trait that adds a `UTF-16` escaped representation to every [`[u16]`][slice].
+trait ToStringEscaped {
+    /// Decodes `self` as an `UTF-16` encoded string, escaping any unpaired surrogates by its
+    /// codepoint value.
+    fn to_string_escaped(&self) -> String;
+}
+
+impl ToStringEscaped for [u16] {
+    fn to_string_escaped(&self) -> String {
+        char::decode_utf16(self.iter().copied())
+            .map(|r| match r {
+                Ok(c) => String::from(c),
+                Err(e) => format!("\\u{:04X}", e.unpaired_surrogate()),
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/operations.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,769 @@
+//! Definitions of various **Syntax-Directed Operations** used in the [spec].
+//!
+//! [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-syntax-directed-operations
+
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+use std::convert::Infallible;
+
+use boa_interner::Sym;
+use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+
+use crate::{
+    declaration::VarDeclaration,
+    expression::{access::SuperPropertyAccess, Await, Identifier, SuperCall, Yield},
+    function::{
+        ArrowFunction, AsyncArrowFunction, AsyncFunction, AsyncGenerator, Class, ClassElement,
+        Function, Generator, PrivateName,
+    },
+    property::{MethodDefinition, PropertyDefinition},
+    statement::LabelledItem,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{NodeRef, VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+    Declaration, Expression, Statement, StatementList, StatementListItem,
+};
+
+/// Represents all the possible symbols searched for by the [`Contains`][contains] operation.
+///
+/// [contains]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-syntax-directed-operations-contains
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub enum ContainsSymbol {
+    /// A node with the `super` keyword (`super(args)` or `super.prop`).
+    Super,
+    /// A super property access (`super.prop`).
+    SuperProperty,
+    /// A super constructor call (`super(args)`).
+    SuperCall,
+    /// A yield expression (`yield 5`).
+    YieldExpression,
+    /// An await expression (`await 4`).
+    AwaitExpression,
+    /// The new target expression (`new.target`).
+    NewTarget,
+    /// The body of a class definition.
+    ClassBody,
+    /// The super class of a class definition.
+    ClassHeritage,
+    /// A this expression (`this`).
+    This,
+    /// A method definition.
+    MethodDefinition,
+    /// The BindingIdentifier "eval" or "arguments".
+    EvalOrArguments,
+}
+
+/// Returns `true` if the node contains the given symbol.
+///
+/// This is equivalent to the [`Contains`][spec] syntax operation in the spec.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantics-contains
+#[must_use]
+pub fn contains<N>(node: &N, symbol: ContainsSymbol) -> bool
+where
+    N: VisitWith,
+{
+    /// Visitor used by the function to search for a specific symbol in a node.
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+    struct ContainsVisitor(ContainsSymbol);
+
+    impl<'ast> Visitor<'ast> for ContainsVisitor {
+        type BreakTy = ();
+
+        fn visit_identifier(&mut self, node: &'ast Identifier) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            if self.0 == ContainsSymbol::EvalOrArguments
+                && (node.sym() == Sym::EVAL || node.sym() == Sym::ARGUMENTS)
+            {
+                return ControlFlow::Break(());
+            }
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+
+        fn visit_function(&mut self, _: &'ast Function) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+
+        fn visit_async_function(&mut self, _: &'ast AsyncFunction) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+
+        fn visit_generator(&mut self, _: &'ast Generator) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+
+        fn visit_async_generator(&mut self, _: &'ast AsyncGenerator) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+
+        fn visit_class(&mut self, node: &'ast Class) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            if !node.elements().is_empty() && self.0 == ContainsSymbol::ClassBody {
+                return ControlFlow::Break(());
+            }
+
+            if node.super_ref().is_some() && self.0 == ContainsSymbol::ClassHeritage {
+                return ControlFlow::Break(());
+            }
+
+            node.visit_with(self)
+        }
+
+        // `ComputedPropertyContains`: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantics-computedpropertycontains
+        fn visit_class_element(&mut self, node: &'ast ClassElement) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            match node {
+                ClassElement::MethodDefinition(name, _)
+                | ClassElement::StaticMethodDefinition(name, _)
+                | ClassElement::FieldDefinition(name, _)
+                | ClassElement::StaticFieldDefinition(name, _) => name.visit_with(self),
+                _ => ControlFlow::Continue(()),
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn visit_property_definition(
+            &mut self,
+            node: &'ast PropertyDefinition,
+        ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            if let PropertyDefinition::MethodDefinition(name, _) = node {
+                if self.0 == ContainsSymbol::MethodDefinition {
+                    return ControlFlow::Break(());
+                }
+                return name.visit_with(self);
+            }
+
+            node.visit_with(self)
+        }
+
+        fn visit_arrow_function(
+            &mut self,
+            node: &'ast ArrowFunction,
+        ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            if ![
+                ContainsSymbol::NewTarget,
+                ContainsSymbol::SuperProperty,
+                ContainsSymbol::SuperCall,
+                ContainsSymbol::Super,
+                ContainsSymbol::This,
+            ]
+            .contains(&self.0)
+            {
+                return ControlFlow::Continue(());
+            }
+
+            node.visit_with(self)
+        }
+
+        fn visit_async_arrow_function(
+            &mut self,
+            node: &'ast AsyncArrowFunction,
+        ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            if ![
+                ContainsSymbol::NewTarget,
+                ContainsSymbol::SuperProperty,
+                ContainsSymbol::SuperCall,
+                ContainsSymbol::Super,
+                ContainsSymbol::This,
+            ]
+            .contains(&self.0)
+            {
+                return ControlFlow::Continue(());
+            }
+
+            node.visit_with(self)
+        }
+
+        fn visit_super_property_access(
+            &mut self,
+            node: &'ast SuperPropertyAccess,
+        ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            if [ContainsSymbol::SuperProperty, ContainsSymbol::Super].contains(&self.0) {
+                return ControlFlow::Break(());
+            }
+            node.visit_with(self)
+        }
+
+        fn visit_super_call(&mut self, node: &'ast SuperCall) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            if [ContainsSymbol::SuperCall, ContainsSymbol::Super].contains(&self.0) {
+                return ControlFlow::Break(());
+            }
+            node.visit_with(self)
+        }
+
+        fn visit_yield(&mut self, node: &'ast Yield) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            if self.0 == ContainsSymbol::YieldExpression {
+                return ControlFlow::Break(());
+            }
+
+            node.visit_with(self)
+        }
+
+        fn visit_await(&mut self, node: &'ast Await) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            if self.0 == ContainsSymbol::AwaitExpression {
+                return ControlFlow::Break(());
+            }
+
+            node.visit_with(self)
+        }
+
+        fn visit_expression(&mut self, node: &'ast Expression) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            if node == &Expression::This && self.0 == ContainsSymbol::This {
+                return ControlFlow::Break(());
+            }
+            if node == &Expression::NewTarget && self.0 == ContainsSymbol::NewTarget {
+                return ControlFlow::Break(());
+            }
+            node.visit_with(self)
+        }
+    }
+
+    node.visit_with(&mut ContainsVisitor(symbol)).is_break()
+}
+
+/// Returns true if the node contains an identifier reference with name `arguments`.
+///
+/// This is equivalent to the [`ContainsArguments`][spec] syntax operation in the spec.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantics-containsarguments
+#[must_use]
+pub fn contains_arguments<N>(node: &N) -> bool
+where
+    N: VisitWith,
+{
+    /// Visitor used by the function to search for an identifier with the name `arguments`.
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+    struct ContainsArgsVisitor;
+
+    impl<'ast> Visitor<'ast> for ContainsArgsVisitor {
+        type BreakTy = ();
+
+        fn visit_identifier(&mut self, node: &'ast Identifier) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            if node.sym() == Sym::ARGUMENTS {
+                ControlFlow::Break(())
+            } else {
+                ControlFlow::Continue(())
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn visit_function(&mut self, _: &'ast Function) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+
+        fn visit_async_function(&mut self, _: &'ast AsyncFunction) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+
+        fn visit_generator(&mut self, _: &'ast Generator) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+
+        fn visit_async_generator(&mut self, _: &'ast AsyncGenerator) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+
+        fn visit_class_element(&mut self, node: &'ast ClassElement) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            match node {
+                ClassElement::MethodDefinition(name, _)
+                | ClassElement::StaticMethodDefinition(name, _) => return name.visit_with(self),
+                _ => {}
+            }
+            node.visit_with(self)
+        }
+
+        fn visit_property_definition(
+            &mut self,
+            node: &'ast PropertyDefinition,
+        ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            if let PropertyDefinition::MethodDefinition(name, _) = node {
+                name.visit_with(self)
+            } else {
+                node.visit_with(self)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    node.visit_with(&mut ContainsArgsVisitor).is_break()
+}
+
+/// Returns `true` if `method` has a super call in its parameters or body.
+///
+/// This is equivalent to the [`HasDirectSuper`][spec] syntax operation in the spec.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantics-hasdirectsuper
+#[must_use]
+#[inline]
+pub fn has_direct_super(method: &MethodDefinition) -> bool {
+    match method {
+        MethodDefinition::Get(f) | MethodDefinition::Set(f) | MethodDefinition::Ordinary(f) => {
+            contains(f, ContainsSymbol::SuperCall)
+        }
+        MethodDefinition::Generator(f) => contains(f, ContainsSymbol::SuperCall),
+        MethodDefinition::AsyncGenerator(f) => contains(f, ContainsSymbol::SuperCall),
+        MethodDefinition::Async(f) => contains(f, ContainsSymbol::SuperCall),
+    }
+}
+
+/// A container that [`BoundNamesVisitor`] can use to push the found identifiers.
+trait IdentList {
+    fn add(&mut self, value: Identifier, function: bool);
+}
+
+impl IdentList for Vec<Identifier> {
+    fn add(&mut self, value: Identifier, _function: bool) {
+        self.push(value);
+    }
+}
+
+impl IdentList for Vec<(Identifier, bool)> {
+    fn add(&mut self, value: Identifier, function: bool) {
+        self.push((value, function));
+    }
+}
+
+impl IdentList for FxHashSet<Identifier> {
+    fn add(&mut self, value: Identifier, _function: bool) {
+        self.insert(value);
+    }
+}
+
+/// The [`Visitor`] used to obtain the bound names of a node.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct BoundNamesVisitor<'a, T: IdentList>(&'a mut T);
+
+impl<'ast, T: IdentList> Visitor<'ast> for BoundNamesVisitor<'_, T> {
+    type BreakTy = Infallible;
+
+    fn visit_identifier(&mut self, node: &'ast Identifier) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        self.0.add(*node, false);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_expression(&mut self, _: &'ast Expression) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    // TODO: add "*default" for module default functions without name
+    fn visit_function(&mut self, node: &'ast Function) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        if let Some(ident) = node.name() {
+            self.0.add(ident, true);
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_generator(&mut self, node: &'ast Generator) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        if let Some(ident) = node.name() {
+            self.0.add(ident, false);
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_async_function(&mut self, node: &'ast AsyncFunction) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        if let Some(ident) = node.name() {
+            self.0.add(ident, false);
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_async_generator(&mut self, node: &'ast AsyncGenerator) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        if let Some(ident) = node.name() {
+            self.0.add(ident, false);
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_class(&mut self, node: &'ast Class) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        if let Some(ident) = node.name() {
+            self.0.add(ident, false);
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns a list with the bound names of an AST node, which may contain duplicates.
+///
+/// This is equivalent to the [`BoundNames`][spec] syntax operation in the spec.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantics-boundnames
+#[must_use]
+pub fn bound_names<'a, N>(node: &'a N) -> Vec<Identifier>
+where
+    &'a N: Into<NodeRef<'a>>,
+{
+    let mut names = Vec::new();
+    BoundNamesVisitor(&mut names).visit(node.into());
+
+    names
+}
+
+/// The [`Visitor`] used to obtain the lexically declared names of a node.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct LexicallyDeclaredNamesVisitor<'a, T: IdentList>(&'a mut T);
+
+impl<'ast, T: IdentList> Visitor<'ast> for LexicallyDeclaredNamesVisitor<'_, T> {
+    type BreakTy = Infallible;
+
+    fn visit_expression(&mut self, _: &'ast Expression) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+    fn visit_statement(&mut self, node: &'ast Statement) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        if let Statement::Labelled(labelled) = node {
+            return self.visit_labelled(labelled);
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+    fn visit_declaration(&mut self, node: &'ast Declaration) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        BoundNamesVisitor(self.0).visit_declaration(node)
+    }
+    fn visit_labelled_item(&mut self, node: &'ast LabelledItem) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        match node {
+            LabelledItem::Function(f) => BoundNamesVisitor(self.0).visit_function(f),
+            LabelledItem::Statement(_) => ControlFlow::Continue(()),
+        }
+    }
+    fn visit_function(&mut self, node: &'ast Function) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        top_level_lexicals(node.body(), self.0);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+    fn visit_async_function(&mut self, node: &'ast AsyncFunction) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        top_level_lexicals(node.body(), self.0);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+    fn visit_generator(&mut self, node: &'ast Generator) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        top_level_lexicals(node.body(), self.0);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+    fn visit_async_generator(&mut self, node: &'ast AsyncGenerator) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        top_level_lexicals(node.body(), self.0);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+    fn visit_arrow_function(&mut self, node: &'ast ArrowFunction) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        top_level_lexicals(node.body(), self.0);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+    fn visit_async_arrow_function(
+        &mut self,
+        node: &'ast AsyncArrowFunction,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        top_level_lexicals(node.body(), self.0);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+    fn visit_class_element(&mut self, node: &'ast ClassElement) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        if let ClassElement::StaticBlock(stmts) = node {
+            top_level_lexicals(stmts, self.0);
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    // TODO:  ScriptBody : StatementList
+    // 1. Return TopLevelLexicallyDeclaredNames of StatementList.
+    // But we don't have that node yet. In the meantime, use `top_level_lexically_declared_names` directly.
+}
+
+/// Returns a list with the lexical bindings of a node, which may contain duplicates.
+///
+/// This is equivalent to the [`LexicallyDeclaredNames`][spec] syntax operation in the spec.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantics-lexicallydeclarednames
+#[must_use]
+pub fn lexically_declared_names<'a, N>(node: &'a N) -> Vec<Identifier>
+where
+    &'a N: Into<NodeRef<'a>>,
+{
+    let mut names = Vec::new();
+    LexicallyDeclaredNamesVisitor(&mut names).visit(node.into());
+    names
+}
+
+/// Returns a list with the lexical bindings of a node, which may contain duplicates.
+///
+/// If a declared name originates from a function declaration it is flagged as `true` in the returned
+/// list. (See [B.3.2.4 Changes to Block Static Semantics: Early Errors])
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantics-lexicallydeclarednames
+/// [changes]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-block-duplicates-allowed-static-semantics
+#[must_use]
+pub fn lexically_declared_names_legacy<'a, N>(node: &'a N) -> Vec<(Identifier, bool)>
+where
+    &'a N: Into<NodeRef<'a>>,
+{
+    let mut names = Vec::new();
+    LexicallyDeclaredNamesVisitor(&mut names).visit(node.into());
+    names
+}
+
+/// The [`Visitor`] used to obtain the var declared names of a node.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct VarDeclaredNamesVisitor<'a>(&'a mut FxHashSet<Identifier>);
+
+impl<'ast> Visitor<'ast> for VarDeclaredNamesVisitor<'_> {
+    type BreakTy = Infallible;
+
+    fn visit_expression(&mut self, _: &'ast Expression) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_declaration(&mut self, _: &'ast Declaration) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_var_declaration(&mut self, node: &'ast VarDeclaration) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        BoundNamesVisitor(self.0).visit_var_declaration(node)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_labelled_item(&mut self, node: &'ast LabelledItem) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        match node {
+            LabelledItem::Function(_) => ControlFlow::Continue(()),
+            LabelledItem::Statement(stmt) => stmt.visit_with(self),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_function(&mut self, node: &'ast Function) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        top_level_vars(node.body(), self.0);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_async_function(&mut self, node: &'ast AsyncFunction) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        top_level_vars(node.body(), self.0);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_generator(&mut self, node: &'ast Generator) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        top_level_vars(node.body(), self.0);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_async_generator(&mut self, node: &'ast AsyncGenerator) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        top_level_vars(node.body(), self.0);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_arrow_function(&mut self, node: &'ast ArrowFunction) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        top_level_vars(node.body(), self.0);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_async_arrow_function(
+        &mut self,
+        node: &'ast AsyncArrowFunction,
+    ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        top_level_vars(node.body(), self.0);
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_class_element(&mut self, node: &'ast ClassElement) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        if let ClassElement::StaticBlock(stmts) = node {
+            top_level_vars(stmts, self.0);
+        }
+        node.visit_with(self)
+    }
+
+    // TODO:  ScriptBody : StatementList
+    // 1. Return TopLevelVarDeclaredNames of StatementList.
+    // But we don't have that node yet. In the meantime, use `top_level_var_declared_names` directly.
+}
+
+/// Returns a set with the var bindings of a node, with no duplicates.
+///
+/// This is equivalent to the [`VarDeclaredNames`][spec] syntax operation in the spec.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantics-vardeclarednames
+#[must_use]
+pub fn var_declared_names<'a, N>(node: &'a N) -> FxHashSet<Identifier>
+where
+    &'a N: Into<NodeRef<'a>>,
+{
+    let mut names = FxHashSet::default();
+    VarDeclaredNamesVisitor(&mut names).visit(node.into());
+    names
+}
+
+/// Utility function that collects the top level lexicals of a statement list into `names`.
+fn top_level_lexicals<T: IdentList>(stmts: &StatementList, names: &mut T) {
+    for stmt in stmts.statements() {
+        if let StatementListItem::Declaration(decl) = stmt {
+            match decl {
+                // Note
+                // At the top level of a function, or script, function declarations are treated like
+                // var declarations rather than like lexical declarations.
+                Declaration::Function(_)
+                | Declaration::Generator(_)
+                | Declaration::AsyncFunction(_)
+                | Declaration::AsyncGenerator(_) => {}
+                Declaration::Class(class) => {
+                    BoundNamesVisitor(names).visit_class(class);
+                }
+                Declaration::Lexical(decl) => {
+                    BoundNamesVisitor(names).visit_lexical_declaration(decl);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns a list with the lexical bindings of a top-level statement list, which may contain duplicates.
+///
+/// This is equivalent to the [`TopLevelLexicallyDeclaredNames`][spec] syntax operation in the spec.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantics-toplevellexicallydeclarednames
+#[must_use]
+#[inline]
+pub fn top_level_lexically_declared_names(stmts: &StatementList) -> Vec<Identifier> {
+    let mut names = Vec::new();
+    top_level_lexicals(stmts, &mut names);
+    names
+}
+
+/// Utility function that collects the top level vars of a statement list into `names`.
+fn top_level_vars(stmts: &StatementList, names: &mut FxHashSet<Identifier>) {
+    for stmt in stmts.statements() {
+        match stmt {
+            StatementListItem::Declaration(decl) => {
+                match decl {
+                    // Note
+                    // At the top level of a function, or script, function declarations are treated like
+                    // var declarations rather than like lexical declarations.
+                    Declaration::Function(f) => {
+                        BoundNamesVisitor(names).visit_function(f);
+                    }
+                    Declaration::Generator(f) => {
+                        BoundNamesVisitor(names).visit_generator(f);
+                    }
+                    Declaration::AsyncFunction(f) => {
+                        BoundNamesVisitor(names).visit_async_function(f);
+                    }
+                    Declaration::AsyncGenerator(f) => {
+                        BoundNamesVisitor(names).visit_async_generator(f);
+                    }
+                    Declaration::Class(_) | Declaration::Lexical(_) => {}
+                }
+            }
+            StatementListItem::Statement(stmt) => {
+                let mut stmt = Some(stmt);
+                while let Some(Statement::Labelled(labelled)) = stmt {
+                    match labelled.item() {
+                        LabelledItem::Function(f) => {
+                            BoundNamesVisitor(names).visit_function(f);
+                            stmt = None;
+                        }
+                        LabelledItem::Statement(s) => stmt = Some(s),
+                    }
+                }
+                if let Some(stmt) = stmt {
+                    VarDeclaredNamesVisitor(names).visit(stmt);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns a list with the var bindings of a top-level statement list, with no duplicates.
+///
+/// This is equivalent to the [`TopLevelVarDeclaredNames`][spec] syntax operation in the spec.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-static-semantics-toplevelvardeclarednames
+#[must_use]
+#[inline]
+pub fn top_level_var_declared_names(stmts: &StatementList) -> FxHashSet<Identifier> {
+    let mut names = FxHashSet::default();
+    top_level_vars(stmts, &mut names);
+    names
+}
+
+/// Resolves the private names of a class and all of the contained classes and private identifiers.
+pub fn class_private_name_resolver(node: &mut Class, top_level_class_index: usize) -> bool {
+    /// Visitor used by the function to search for an identifier with the name `arguments`.
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    struct ClassPrivateNameResolver {
+        private_environments_stack: Vec<FxHashMap<Sym, PrivateName>>,
+        top_level_class_index: usize,
+    }
+
+    impl<'ast> VisitorMut<'ast> for ClassPrivateNameResolver {
+        type BreakTy = ();
+
+        #[inline]
+        fn visit_class_mut(&mut self, node: &'ast mut Class) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            let mut names = FxHashMap::default();
+
+            for element in node.elements.iter_mut() {
+                match element {
+                    ClassElement::PrivateMethodDefinition(name, _)
+                    | ClassElement::PrivateStaticMethodDefinition(name, _)
+                    | ClassElement::PrivateFieldDefinition(name, _)
+                    | ClassElement::PrivateStaticFieldDefinition(name, _) => {
+                        name.indices = (
+                            self.top_level_class_index,
+                            self.private_environments_stack.len(),
+                        );
+                        names.insert(name.description(), *name);
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+
+            self.private_environments_stack.push(names);
+
+            for element in node.elements.iter_mut() {
+                match element {
+                    ClassElement::MethodDefinition(name, method)
+                    | ClassElement::StaticMethodDefinition(name, method) => {
+                        try_break!(self.visit_property_name_mut(name));
+                        try_break!(self.visit_method_definition_mut(method));
+                    }
+                    ClassElement::PrivateMethodDefinition(_, method)
+                    | ClassElement::PrivateStaticMethodDefinition(_, method) => {
+                        try_break!(self.visit_method_definition_mut(method));
+                    }
+                    ClassElement::FieldDefinition(name, expression)
+                    | ClassElement::StaticFieldDefinition(name, expression) => {
+                        try_break!(self.visit_property_name_mut(name));
+                        if let Some(expression) = expression {
+                            try_break!(self.visit_expression_mut(expression));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ClassElement::PrivateFieldDefinition(_, expression)
+                    | ClassElement::PrivateStaticFieldDefinition(_, expression) => {
+                        if let Some(expression) = expression {
+                            try_break!(self.visit_expression_mut(expression));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ClassElement::StaticBlock(statement_list) => {
+                        try_break!(self.visit_statement_list_mut(statement_list));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some(function) = &mut node.constructor {
+                try_break!(self.visit_function_mut(function));
+            }
+
+            self.private_environments_stack.pop();
+
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+
+        #[inline]
+        fn visit_private_name_mut(
+            &mut self,
+            node: &'ast mut PrivateName,
+        ) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            let mut found = false;
+
+            for environment in self.private_environments_stack.iter().rev() {
+                if let Some(n) = environment.get(&node.description()) {
+                    found = true;
+                    node.indices = n.indices;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if found {
+                ControlFlow::Continue(())
+            } else {
+                ControlFlow::Break(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut visitor = ClassPrivateNameResolver {
+        private_environments_stack: Vec::new(),
+        top_level_class_index,
+    };
+
+    visitor.visit_class_mut(node).is_continue()
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/pattern.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
+//! A pattern binding or assignment node.
+//!
+//! A [`Pattern`] Corresponds to the [`BindingPattern`][spec1] and the [`AssignmentPattern`][spec2]
+//! nodes, each of which is used in different situations and have slightly different grammars.
+//! For example, a variable declaration combined with a destructuring expression is a `BindingPattern`:
+//!
+//! ```Javascript
+//! const obj = { a: 1, b: 2 };
+//! const { a, b } = obj; // BindingPattern
+//! ```
+//!
+//! On the other hand, a simple destructuring expression with already declared variables is called
+//! an `AssignmentPattern`:
+//!
+//! ```Javascript
+//! let a = 1;
+//! let b = 3;
+//! [a, b] = [b, a]; // AssignmentPattern
+//! ```
+//!
+//! [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BindingPattern
+//! [spec2]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentPattern
+//! [destr]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Destructuring_assignment
+
+use crate::{
+    expression::{access::PropertyAccess, Identifier},
+    property::PropertyName,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+    Expression,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// An object or array pattern binding or assignment.
+///
+/// See the [module level documentation][self] for more information.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Pattern {
+    /// An object pattern (`let {a, b, c} = object`).
+    Object(ObjectPattern),
+    /// An array pattern (`[a, b, c] = array`).
+    Array(ArrayPattern),
+}
+
+impl From<ObjectPattern> for Pattern {
+    fn from(obj: ObjectPattern) -> Self {
+        Self::Object(obj)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ArrayPattern> for Pattern {
+    fn from(obj: ArrayPattern) -> Self {
+        Self::Array(obj)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Vec<ObjectPatternElement>> for Pattern {
+    fn from(elements: Vec<ObjectPatternElement>) -> Self {
+        ObjectPattern::new(elements.into()).into()
+    }
+}
+impl From<Vec<ArrayPatternElement>> for Pattern {
+    fn from(elements: Vec<ArrayPatternElement>) -> Self {
+        ArrayPattern::new(elements.into()).into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Pattern {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        match &self {
+            Self::Object(o) => o.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Array(a) => a.to_interned_string(interner),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Pattern {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Object(op) => visitor.visit_object_pattern(op),
+            Self::Array(ap) => visitor.visit_array_pattern(ap),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Object(op) => visitor.visit_object_pattern_mut(op),
+            Self::Array(ap) => visitor.visit_array_pattern_mut(ap),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An object binding or assignment pattern.
+///
+/// Corresponds to the [`ObjectBindingPattern`][spec1] and the [`ObjectAssignmentPattern`][spec2]
+/// Parse Nodes.
+///
+/// For more information on what is a valid binding in an object pattern, see [`ObjectPatternElement`].
+///
+/// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ObjectBindingPattern
+/// [spec2]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ObjectAssignmentPattern
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ObjectPattern(Box<[ObjectPatternElement]>);
+
+impl From<Vec<ObjectPatternElement>> for ObjectPattern {
+    fn from(elements: Vec<ObjectPatternElement>) -> Self {
+        Self(elements.into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for ObjectPattern {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let mut buf = "{".to_owned();
+        for (i, binding) in self.0.iter().enumerate() {
+            let binding = binding.to_interned_string(interner);
+            let str = if i == self.0.len() - 1 {
+                format!("{binding} ")
+            } else {
+                format!("{binding},")
+            };
+
+            buf.push_str(&str);
+        }
+        if self.0.is_empty() {
+            buf.push(' ');
+        }
+        buf.push('}');
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl ObjectPattern {
+    /// Creates a new object binding pattern.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(bindings: Box<[ObjectPatternElement]>) -> Self {
+        Self(bindings)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the bindings for the object binding pattern.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn bindings(&self) -> &[ObjectPatternElement] {
+        &self.0
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the object binding pattern has a rest element.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn has_rest(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self.0.last(),
+            Some(ObjectPatternElement::RestProperty { .. })
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for ObjectPattern {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        for elem in self.0.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_object_pattern_element(elem));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        for elem in self.0.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_object_pattern_element_mut(elem));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// An array binding or assignment pattern.
+///
+/// Corresponds to the [`ArrayBindingPattern`][spec1] and the [`ArrayAssignmentPattern`][spec2]
+/// Parse Nodes.
+///
+/// For more information on what is a valid binding in an array pattern, see [`ArrayPatternElement`].
+///
+/// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ArrayBindingPattern
+/// [spec2]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ArrayAssignmentPattern
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ArrayPattern(Box<[ArrayPatternElement]>);
+
+impl From<Vec<ArrayPatternElement>> for ArrayPattern {
+    fn from(elements: Vec<ArrayPatternElement>) -> Self {
+        Self(elements.into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for ArrayPattern {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let mut buf = "[".to_owned();
+        for (i, binding) in self.0.iter().enumerate() {
+            if i == self.0.len() - 1 {
+                match binding {
+                    ArrayPatternElement::Elision => {
+                        buf.push_str(&format!("{}, ", binding.to_interned_string(interner)));
+                    }
+                    _ => buf.push_str(&format!("{} ", binding.to_interned_string(interner))),
+                }
+            } else {
+                buf.push_str(&format!("{},", binding.to_interned_string(interner)));
+            }
+        }
+        buf.push(']');
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl ArrayPattern {
+    /// Creates a new array binding pattern.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(bindings: Box<[ArrayPatternElement]>) -> Self {
+        Self(bindings)
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the bindings for the array binding pattern.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn bindings(&self) -> &[ArrayPatternElement] {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for ArrayPattern {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        for elem in self.0.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_array_pattern_element(elem));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        for elem in self.0.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_array_pattern_element_mut(elem));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// The different types of bindings that an [`ObjectPattern`] may contain.
+///
+/// Corresponds to the [`BindingProperty`][spec1] and the [`AssignmentProperty`][spec2] nodes.
+///
+/// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BindingProperty
+/// [spec2]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentProperty
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ObjectPatternElement {
+    /// SingleName represents one of the following properties:
+    ///
+    /// - `SingleName` with an identifier and an optional default initializer.
+    /// - `BindingProperty` with an property name and a `SingleNameBinding` as  the `BindingElement`.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference: 14.3.3 Destructuring Binding Patterns - SingleNameBinding][spec1]
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference: 14.3.3 Destructuring Binding Patterns - BindingProperty][spec2]
+    ///
+    /// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-SingleNameBinding
+    /// [spec2]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BindingProperty
+    SingleName {
+        /// The identifier name of the property to be destructured.
+        name: PropertyName,
+        /// The variable name where the property value will be stored.
+        ident: Identifier,
+        /// An optional default value for the variable, in case the property doesn't exist.
+        default_init: Option<Expression>,
+    },
+
+    /// RestProperty represents a `BindingRestProperty` with an identifier.
+    ///
+    /// It also includes a list of the property keys that should be excluded from the rest,
+    /// because they where already assigned.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference: 14.3.3 Destructuring Binding Patterns - BindingRestProperty][spec1]
+    ///
+    /// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BindingRestProperty
+    RestProperty {
+        /// The variable name where the unassigned properties will be stored.
+        ident: Identifier,
+        /// A list of the excluded property keys that were already destructured.
+        excluded_keys: Vec<Identifier>,
+    },
+
+    /// AssignmentGetField represents an AssignmentProperty with an expression field member expression AssignmentElement.
+    ///
+    /// Note: According to the spec this is not part of an ObjectBindingPattern.
+    /// This is only used when a object literal is used to cover an AssignmentPattern.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentProperty
+    AssignmentPropertyAccess {
+        /// The identifier name of the property to be destructured.
+        name: PropertyName,
+        /// The property access where the property value will be destructured.
+        access: PropertyAccess,
+        /// An optional default value for the variable, in case the property doesn't exist.
+        default_init: Option<Expression>,
+    },
+
+    /// AssignmentRestProperty represents a rest property with a DestructuringAssignmentTarget.
+    ///
+    /// Note: According to the spec this is not part of an ObjectBindingPattern.
+    /// This is only used when a object literal is used to cover an AssignmentPattern.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentRestProperty
+    AssignmentRestPropertyAccess {
+        /// The property access where the unassigned properties will be stored.
+        access: PropertyAccess,
+        /// A list of the excluded property keys that were already destructured.
+        excluded_keys: Vec<Identifier>,
+    },
+
+    /// Pattern represents a property with a `Pattern` as the element.
+    ///
+    /// Additionally to the identifier of the new property and the nested pattern,
+    /// this may also include an optional default initializer.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference: 14.3.3 Destructuring Binding Patterns - BindingProperty][spec1]
+    ///
+    /// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BindingProperty
+    Pattern {
+        /// The identifier name of the property to be destructured.
+        name: PropertyName,
+        /// The pattern where the property value will be destructured.
+        pattern: Pattern,
+        /// An optional default value for the variable, in case the property doesn't exist.
+        default_init: Option<Expression>,
+    },
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for ObjectPatternElement {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::SingleName {
+                ident,
+                name,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                let mut buf = match name {
+                    PropertyName::Literal(name) if name == ident => {
+                        format!(" {}", interner.resolve_expect(ident.sym()))
+                    }
+                    PropertyName::Literal(name) => {
+                        format!(
+                            " {} : {}",
+                            interner.resolve_expect(*name),
+                            interner.resolve_expect(ident.sym())
+                        )
+                    }
+                    PropertyName::Computed(node) => {
+                        format!(
+                            " [{}] : {}",
+                            node.to_interned_string(interner),
+                            interner.resolve_expect(ident.sym())
+                        )
+                    }
+                };
+                if let Some(ref init) = default_init {
+                    buf.push_str(&format!(" = {}", init.to_interned_string(interner)));
+                }
+                buf
+            }
+            Self::RestProperty {
+                ident,
+                excluded_keys: _,
+            } => {
+                format!(" ... {}", interner.resolve_expect(ident.sym()))
+            }
+            Self::AssignmentRestPropertyAccess { access, .. } => {
+                format!(" ... {}", access.to_interned_string(interner))
+            }
+            Self::AssignmentPropertyAccess {
+                name,
+                access,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                let mut buf = match name {
+                    PropertyName::Literal(name) => {
+                        format!(
+                            " {} : {}",
+                            interner.resolve_expect(*name),
+                            access.to_interned_string(interner)
+                        )
+                    }
+                    PropertyName::Computed(node) => {
+                        format!(
+                            " [{}] : {}",
+                            node.to_interned_string(interner),
+                            access.to_interned_string(interner)
+                        )
+                    }
+                };
+                if let Some(init) = &default_init {
+                    buf.push_str(&format!(" = {}", init.to_interned_string(interner)));
+                }
+                buf
+            }
+            Self::Pattern {
+                name,
+                pattern,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                let mut buf = match name {
+                    PropertyName::Literal(name) => {
+                        format!(
+                            " {} : {}",
+                            interner.resolve_expect(*name),
+                            pattern.to_interned_string(interner),
+                        )
+                    }
+                    PropertyName::Computed(node) => {
+                        format!(
+                            " [{}] : {}",
+                            node.to_interned_string(interner),
+                            pattern.to_interned_string(interner),
+                        )
+                    }
+                };
+                if let Some(ref init) = default_init {
+                    buf.push_str(&format!(" = {}", init.to_interned_string(interner)));
+                }
+                buf
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for ObjectPatternElement {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::SingleName {
+                name,
+                ident,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name(name));
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier(ident));
+                if let Some(expr) = default_init {
+                    visitor.visit_expression(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            Self::RestProperty { ident, .. } => visitor.visit_identifier(ident),
+            Self::AssignmentPropertyAccess {
+                name,
+                access,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name(name));
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_access(access));
+                if let Some(expr) = default_init {
+                    visitor.visit_expression(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            Self::AssignmentRestPropertyAccess { access, .. } => {
+                visitor.visit_property_access(access)
+            }
+            Self::Pattern {
+                name,
+                pattern,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name(name));
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_pattern(pattern));
+                if let Some(expr) = default_init {
+                    visitor.visit_expression(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::SingleName {
+                name,
+                ident,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name_mut(name));
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier_mut(ident));
+                if let Some(expr) = default_init {
+                    visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            Self::RestProperty { ident, .. } => visitor.visit_identifier_mut(ident),
+            Self::AssignmentPropertyAccess {
+                name,
+                access,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name_mut(name));
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_access_mut(access));
+                if let Some(expr) = default_init {
+                    visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            Self::AssignmentRestPropertyAccess { access, .. } => {
+                visitor.visit_property_access_mut(access)
+            }
+            Self::Pattern {
+                name,
+                pattern,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name_mut(name));
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_pattern_mut(pattern));
+                if let Some(expr) = default_init {
+                    visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The different types of bindings that an array binding pattern may contain.
+///
+/// Corresponds to the [`BindingElement`][spec1] and the [`AssignmentElement`][spec2] nodes.
+///
+/// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BindingElement
+/// [spec2]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentElement
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ArrayPatternElement {
+    /// Elision represents the elision of an item in the array binding pattern.
+    ///
+    /// An `Elision` may occur at multiple points in the pattern and may be multiple elisions.
+    /// This variant strictly represents one elision. If there are multiple, this should be used multiple times.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference: 13.2.4 Array Initializer - Elision][spec1]
+    ///
+    /// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-Elision
+    Elision,
+
+    /// SingleName represents a `SingleName` with an identifier and an optional default initializer.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference: 14.3.3 Destructuring Binding Patterns - SingleNameBinding][spec1]
+    ///
+    /// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-SingleNameBinding
+    SingleName {
+        /// The variable name where the index element will be stored.
+        ident: Identifier,
+        /// An optional default value for the variable, in case the index element doesn't exist.
+        default_init: Option<Expression>,
+    },
+
+    /// PropertyAccess represents a binding with a property accessor.
+    ///
+    /// Note: According to the spec this is not part of an ArrayBindingPattern.
+    /// This is only used when a array literal is used as the left-hand-side of an assignment expression.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentExpression
+    PropertyAccess {
+        /// The property access where the index element will be stored.
+        access: PropertyAccess,
+    },
+
+    /// Pattern represents a `Pattern` in an `Element` of an array pattern.
+    ///
+    /// The pattern and the optional default initializer are both stored in the DeclarationPattern.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference: 14.3.3 Destructuring Binding Patterns - BindingElement][spec1]
+    ///
+    /// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BindingElement
+    Pattern {
+        /// The pattern where the index element will be stored.
+        pattern: Pattern,
+        /// An optional default value for the pattern, in case the index element doesn't exist.
+        default_init: Option<Expression>,
+    },
+
+    /// SingleNameRest represents a `BindingIdentifier` in a `BindingRestElement` of an array pattern.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference: 14.3.3 Destructuring Binding Patterns - BindingRestElement][spec1]
+    ///
+    /// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BindingRestElement
+    SingleNameRest {
+        /// The variable where the unassigned index elements will be stored.
+        ident: Identifier,
+    },
+
+    /// PropertyAccess represents a rest (spread operator) with a property accessor.
+    ///
+    /// Note: According to the spec this is not part of an ArrayBindingPattern.
+    /// This is only used when a array literal is used as the left-hand-side of an assignment expression.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AssignmentExpression
+    PropertyAccessRest {
+        /// The property access where the unassigned index elements will be stored.
+        access: PropertyAccess,
+    },
+
+    /// PatternRest represents a `Pattern` in a `RestElement` of an array pattern.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference: 14.3.3 Destructuring Binding Patterns - BindingRestElement][spec1]
+    ///
+    /// [spec1]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BindingRestElement
+    PatternRest {
+        /// The pattern where the unassigned index elements will be stored.
+        pattern: Pattern,
+    },
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for ArrayPatternElement {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Elision => " ".to_owned(),
+            Self::SingleName {
+                ident,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                let mut buf = format!(" {}", interner.resolve_expect(ident.sym()));
+                if let Some(ref init) = default_init {
+                    buf.push_str(&format!(" = {}", init.to_interned_string(interner)));
+                }
+                buf
+            }
+            Self::PropertyAccess { access } => {
+                format!(" {}", access.to_interned_string(interner))
+            }
+            Self::Pattern {
+                pattern,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                let mut buf = format!(" {}", pattern.to_interned_string(interner));
+                if let Some(init) = default_init {
+                    buf.push_str(&format!(" = {}", init.to_interned_string(interner)));
+                }
+                buf
+            }
+            Self::SingleNameRest { ident } => {
+                format!(" ... {}", interner.resolve_expect(ident.sym()))
+            }
+            Self::PropertyAccessRest { access } => {
+                format!(" ... {}", access.to_interned_string(interner))
+            }
+            Self::PatternRest { pattern } => {
+                format!(" ... {}", pattern.to_interned_string(interner))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for ArrayPatternElement {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::SingleName {
+                ident,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier(ident));
+                if let Some(expr) = default_init {
+                    visitor.visit_expression(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            Self::PropertyAccess { access } | Self::PropertyAccessRest { access } => {
+                visitor.visit_property_access(access)
+            }
+            Self::Pattern {
+                pattern,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_pattern(pattern));
+                if let Some(expr) = default_init {
+                    visitor.visit_expression(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            Self::SingleNameRest { ident } => visitor.visit_identifier(ident),
+            Self::PatternRest { pattern } => visitor.visit_pattern(pattern),
+            Self::Elision => {
+                // special case to be handled by user
+                ControlFlow::Continue(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::SingleName {
+                ident,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier_mut(ident));
+                if let Some(expr) = default_init {
+                    visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            Self::PropertyAccess { access } | Self::PropertyAccessRest { access } => {
+                visitor.visit_property_access_mut(access)
+            }
+            Self::Pattern {
+                pattern,
+                default_init,
+            } => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_pattern_mut(pattern));
+                if let Some(expr) = default_init {
+                    visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr)
+                } else {
+                    ControlFlow::Continue(())
+                }
+            }
+            Self::SingleNameRest { ident } => visitor.visit_identifier_mut(ident),
+            Self::PatternRest { pattern } => visitor.visit_pattern_mut(pattern),
+            Self::Elision => {
+                // special case to be handled by user
+                ControlFlow::Continue(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/position.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+use std::{cmp::Ordering, fmt, num::NonZeroU32};
+
+/// A position in the ECMAScript source code.
+///
+/// Stores both the column number and the line number.
+///
+/// ## Similar Implementations
+/// [V8: Location](https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/v8/src/parsing/scanner.h?type=cs&q=isValid+Location&g=0&l=216)
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct Position {
+    /// Line number.
+    line_number: NonZeroU32,
+    /// Column number.
+    column_number: NonZeroU32,
+}
+
+impl Position {
+    /// Creates a new `Position`.
+    #[inline]
+    #[track_caller]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(line_number: u32, column_number: u32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            line_number: NonZeroU32::new(line_number).expect("line number cannot be 0"),
+            column_number: NonZeroU32::new(column_number).expect("column number cannot be 0"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the line number of the position.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn line_number(self) -> u32 {
+        self.line_number.get()
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the column number of the position.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn column_number(self) -> u32 {
+        self.column_number.get()
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Position {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}:{}", self.line_number, self.column_number)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A span in the ECMAScript source code.
+///
+/// Stores a start position and an end position.
+///
+/// Note that spans are of the form [start, end) i.e. that the start position is inclusive
+/// and the end position is exclusive.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Span {
+    start: Position,
+    end: Position,
+}
+
+impl Span {
+    /// Creates a new `Span`.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if the start position is bigger than the end position.
+    #[inline]
+    #[track_caller]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(start: Position, end: Position) -> Self {
+        assert!(start <= end, "a span cannot start after its end");
+
+        Self { start, end }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the starting position of the span.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn start(self) -> Position {
+        self.start
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the final position of the span.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn end(self) -> Position {
+        self.end
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if this span inclusively contains another span or position.
+    pub fn contains<S>(self, other: S) -> bool
+    where
+        S: Into<Self>,
+    {
+        let other = other.into();
+        self.start <= other.start && self.end >= other.end
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Position> for Span {
+    fn from(pos: Position) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            start: pos,
+            end: pos,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for Span {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        if self == other {
+            Some(Ordering::Equal)
+        } else if self.end < other.start {
+            Some(Ordering::Less)
+        } else if self.start > other.end {
+            Some(Ordering::Greater)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Span {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "[{}..{}]", self.start, self.end)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    #![allow(clippy::similar_names)]
+    #![allow(unused_must_use)]
+    use super::{Position, Span};
+
+    /// Checks that we cannot create a position with 0 as the column.
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn invalid_position_column() {
+        Position::new(10, 0);
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that we cannot create a position with 0 as the line.
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn invalid_position_line() {
+        Position::new(0, 10);
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that the `PartialEq` implementation of `Position` is consistent.
+    #[test]
+    fn position_equality() {
+        assert_eq!(Position::new(10, 50), Position::new(10, 50));
+        assert_ne!(Position::new(10, 50), Position::new(10, 51));
+        assert_ne!(Position::new(10, 50), Position::new(11, 50));
+        assert_ne!(Position::new(10, 50), Position::new(11, 51));
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that the `PartialOrd` implementation of `Position` is consistent.
+    #[test]
+    fn position_order() {
+        assert!(Position::new(10, 50) < Position::new(10, 51));
+        assert!(Position::new(9, 50) < Position::new(10, 50));
+        assert!(Position::new(10, 50) < Position::new(11, 51));
+        assert!(Position::new(10, 50) < Position::new(11, 49));
+
+        assert!(Position::new(10, 51) > Position::new(10, 50));
+        assert!(Position::new(10, 50) > Position::new(9, 50));
+        assert!(Position::new(11, 51) > Position::new(10, 50));
+        assert!(Position::new(11, 49) > Position::new(10, 50));
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that the position getters actually retrieve correct values.
+    #[test]
+    fn position_getters() {
+        let pos = Position::new(10, 50);
+        assert_eq!(pos.line_number(), 10);
+        assert_eq!(pos.column_number(), 50);
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that the string representation of a position is correct.
+    #[test]
+    fn position_to_string() {
+        let pos = Position::new(10, 50);
+
+        assert_eq!("10:50", pos.to_string());
+        assert_eq!("10:50", pos.to_string());
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that we cannot create an invalid span.
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn invalid_span() {
+        let a = Position::new(10, 30);
+        let b = Position::new(10, 50);
+        Span::new(b, a);
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that we can create valid spans.
+    #[test]
+    fn span_creation() {
+        let a = Position::new(10, 30);
+        let b = Position::new(10, 50);
+
+        let _ = Span::new(a, b);
+        let _ = Span::new(a, a);
+        let _ = Span::from(a);
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that the `PartialEq` implementation of `Span` is consistent.
+    #[test]
+    fn span_equality() {
+        let a = Position::new(10, 50);
+        let b = Position::new(10, 52);
+        let c = Position::new(11, 20);
+
+        let span_ab = Span::new(a, b);
+        let span_ab_2 = Span::new(a, b);
+        let span_ac = Span::new(a, c);
+        let span_bc = Span::new(b, c);
+
+        assert_eq!(span_ab, span_ab_2);
+        assert_ne!(span_ab, span_ac);
+        assert_ne!(span_ab, span_bc);
+        assert_ne!(span_bc, span_ac);
+
+        let span_a = Span::from(a);
+        let span_aa = Span::new(a, a);
+
+        assert_eq!(span_a, span_aa);
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that the getters retrieve the correct value.
+    #[test]
+    fn span_getters() {
+        let a = Position::new(10, 50);
+        let b = Position::new(10, 52);
+
+        let span = Span::new(a, b);
+
+        assert_eq!(span.start(), a);
+        assert_eq!(span.end(), b);
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that the `Span::contains()` method works properly.
+    #[test]
+    fn span_contains() {
+        let a = Position::new(10, 50);
+        let b = Position::new(10, 52);
+        let c = Position::new(11, 20);
+        let d = Position::new(12, 5);
+
+        let span_ac = Span::new(a, c);
+        assert!(span_ac.contains(b));
+
+        let span_ab = Span::new(a, b);
+        let span_cd = Span::new(c, d);
+
+        assert!(!span_ab.contains(span_cd));
+        assert!(span_ab.contains(b));
+
+        let span_ad = Span::new(a, d);
+        let span_bc = Span::new(b, c);
+
+        assert!(span_ad.contains(span_bc));
+        assert!(!span_bc.contains(span_ad));
+
+        let span_ac = Span::new(a, c);
+        let span_bd = Span::new(b, d);
+
+        assert!(!span_ac.contains(span_bd));
+        assert!(!span_bd.contains(span_ac));
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that the string representation of a span is correct.
+    #[test]
+    fn span_to_string() {
+        let a = Position::new(10, 50);
+        let b = Position::new(11, 20);
+        let span = Span::new(a, b);
+
+        assert_eq!("[10:50..11:20]", span.to_string());
+        assert_eq!("[10:50..11:20]", span.to_string());
+    }
+
+    /// Checks that the ordering of spans is correct.
+    #[test]
+    fn span_ordering() {
+        let a = Position::new(10, 50);
+        let b = Position::new(10, 52);
+        let c = Position::new(11, 20);
+        let d = Position::new(12, 5);
+
+        let span_ab = Span::new(a, b);
+        let span_cd = Span::new(c, d);
+
+        assert!(span_ab < span_cd);
+        assert!(span_cd > span_ab);
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/property.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+//! Property definition related types, used in object literals and class definitions.
+
+use crate::function::PrivateName;
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use super::{
+    expression::{literal::Literal, Identifier},
+    function::{AsyncFunction, AsyncGenerator, Function, Generator},
+    Expression,
+};
+
+/// Describes the definition of a property within an object literal.
+///
+/// A property has a name (a string) and a value (primitive, method, or object reference).
+/// Note that when we say that "a property holds an object", that is shorthand for "a property holds an object reference".
+/// This distinction matters because the original referenced object remains unchanged when you change the property's value.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-PropertyDefinition
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/property/JavaScript
+// TODO: Support all features: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-PropertyDefinition
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum PropertyDefinition {
+    /// Puts a variable into an object.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-IdentifierReference
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Object_initializer#Property_definitions
+    IdentifierReference(Identifier),
+
+    /// Binds a property name to a JavaScript value.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-PropertyDefinition
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Object_initializer#Property_definitions
+    Property(PropertyName, Expression),
+
+    /// A property of an object can also refer to a function or a getter or setter method.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-MethodDefinition
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Object_initializer#Method_definitions
+    MethodDefinition(PropertyName, MethodDefinition),
+
+    /// The Rest/Spread Properties for ECMAScript proposal (stage 4) adds spread properties to object literals.
+    /// It copies own enumerable properties from a provided object onto a new object.
+    ///
+    /// Shallow-cloning (excluding `prototype`) or merging objects is now possible using a shorter syntax than `Object.assign()`.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-PropertyDefinition
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Object_initializer#Spread_properties
+    SpreadObject(Expression),
+
+    /// Cover grammar for when an object literal is used as an object binding pattern.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-CoverInitializedName
+    CoverInitializedName(Identifier, Expression),
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for PropertyDefinition {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::IdentifierReference(id) => visitor.visit_identifier(id),
+            Self::Property(pn, expr) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name(pn));
+                visitor.visit_expression(expr)
+            }
+            Self::MethodDefinition(pn, md) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name(pn));
+                visitor.visit_method_definition(md)
+            }
+            Self::SpreadObject(expr) => visitor.visit_expression(expr),
+            Self::CoverInitializedName(id, expr) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier(id));
+                visitor.visit_expression(expr)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::IdentifierReference(id) => visitor.visit_identifier_mut(id),
+            Self::Property(pn, expr) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name_mut(pn));
+                visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr)
+            }
+            Self::MethodDefinition(pn, md) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_property_name_mut(pn));
+                visitor.visit_method_definition_mut(md)
+            }
+            Self::SpreadObject(expr) => visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr),
+            Self::CoverInitializedName(id, expr) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_identifier_mut(id));
+                visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Method definition.
+///
+/// Starting with ECMAScript 2015, a shorter syntax for method definitions on objects initializers is introduced.
+/// It is a shorthand for a function assigned to the method's name.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-MethodDefinition
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Method_definitions
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum MethodDefinition {
+    /// The `get` syntax binds an object property to a function that will be called when that property is looked up.
+    ///
+    /// Sometimes it is desirable to allow access to a property that returns a dynamically computed value,
+    /// or you may want to reflect the status of an internal variable without requiring the use of explicit method calls.
+    /// In JavaScript, this can be accomplished with the use of a getter.
+    ///
+    /// It is not possible to simultaneously have a getter bound to a property and have that property actually hold a value,
+    /// although it is possible to use a getter and a setter in conjunction to create a type of pseudo-property.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-MethodDefinition
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/get
+    Get(Function),
+
+    /// The `set` syntax binds an object property to a function to be called when there is an attempt to set that property.
+    ///
+    /// In JavaScript, a setter can be used to execute a function whenever a specified property is attempted to be changed.
+    /// Setters are most often used in conjunction with getters to create a type of pseudo-property.
+    /// It is not possible to simultaneously have a setter on a property that holds an actual value.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-MethodDefinition
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/set
+    Set(Function),
+
+    /// Starting with ECMAScript 2015, you are able to define own methods in a shorter syntax, similar to the getters and setters.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-MethodDefinition
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions#Method_definition_syntax
+    Ordinary(Function),
+
+    /// Starting with ECMAScript 2015, you are able to define own methods in a shorter syntax, similar to the getters and setters.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-MethodDefinition
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Method_definitions#generator_methods
+    Generator(Generator),
+
+    /// Async generators can be used to define a method
+    ///
+    /// More information
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AsyncGeneratorMethod
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Method_definitions#async_generator_methods
+    AsyncGenerator(AsyncGenerator),
+
+    /// Async function can be used to define a method
+    ///
+    /// More information
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-AsyncMethod
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Method_definitions#async_methods
+    Async(AsyncFunction),
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for MethodDefinition {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Get(f) | Self::Set(f) | Self::Ordinary(f) => visitor.visit_function(f),
+            Self::Generator(g) => visitor.visit_generator(g),
+            Self::AsyncGenerator(ag) => visitor.visit_async_generator(ag),
+            Self::Async(af) => visitor.visit_async_function(af),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Get(f) | Self::Set(f) | Self::Ordinary(f) => visitor.visit_function_mut(f),
+            Self::Generator(g) => visitor.visit_generator_mut(g),
+            Self::AsyncGenerator(ag) => visitor.visit_async_generator_mut(ag),
+            Self::Async(af) => visitor.visit_async_function_mut(af),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// `PropertyName` can be either a literal or computed.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-PropertyName
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum PropertyName {
+    /// A `Literal` property name can be either an identifier, a string or a numeric literal.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-LiteralPropertyName
+    Literal(Sym),
+
+    /// A `Computed` property name is an expression that gets evaluated and converted into a property name.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ComputedPropertyName
+    Computed(Expression),
+}
+
+impl PropertyName {
+    /// Returns the literal property name if it exists.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn literal(&self) -> Option<Sym> {
+        if let Self::Literal(sym) = self {
+            Some(*sym)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the expression if the property name is computed.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn computed(&self) -> Option<&Expression> {
+        if let Self::Computed(expr) = self {
+            Some(expr)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns either the literal property name or the computed const string property name.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn prop_name(&self) -> Option<Sym> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Literal(sym) | Self::Computed(Expression::Literal(Literal::String(sym))) => {
+                Some(*sym)
+            }
+            Self::Computed(_) => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for PropertyName {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Literal(key) => interner.resolve_expect(*key).to_string(),
+            Self::Computed(key) => key.to_interned_string(interner),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Sym> for PropertyName {
+    fn from(name: Sym) -> Self {
+        Self::Literal(name)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Expression> for PropertyName {
+    fn from(name: Expression) -> Self {
+        Self::Computed(name)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for PropertyName {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Literal(sym) => visitor.visit_sym(sym),
+            Self::Computed(expr) => visitor.visit_expression(expr),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Literal(sym) => visitor.visit_sym_mut(sym),
+            Self::Computed(expr) => visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// `ClassElementName` can be either a property name or a private identifier.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ClassElementName
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ClassElementName {
+    /// A public property.
+    PropertyName(PropertyName),
+    /// A private property.
+    PrivateIdentifier(PrivateName),
+}
+
+impl ClassElementName {
+    /// Returns the property name if it exists.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn literal(&self) -> Option<Sym> {
+        if let Self::PropertyName(name) = self {
+            name.literal()
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/punctuator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+//! The `Punctuator` enum, which contains all punctuators used in ECMAScript.
+//!
+//! More information:
+//!  - [ECMAScript Reference][spec]
+//!
+//! [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-Punctuator
+
+use crate::expression::operator::{
+    assign::AssignOp,
+    binary::{ArithmeticOp, BinaryOp, BitwiseOp, LogicalOp, RelationalOp},
+};
+use std::{
+    convert::TryInto,
+    fmt::{Display, Error, Formatter},
+};
+
+/// All of the punctuators used in ECMAScript.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript Reference][spec]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-Punctuator
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub enum Punctuator {
+    /// `+`
+    Add,
+    /// `&`
+    And,
+    /// `=>`
+    Arrow,
+    /// `=`
+    Assign,
+    /// `+=`
+    AssignAdd,
+    /// `&=`
+    AssignAnd,
+    /// `&&=`
+    AssignBoolAnd,
+    /// `||=`
+    AssignBoolOr,
+    /// `??=`,
+    AssignCoalesce,
+    /// `/=`
+    AssignDiv,
+    /// `<<=`
+    AssignLeftSh,
+    /// `%=`
+    AssignMod,
+    /// `*=`
+    AssignMul,
+    /// `|=`
+    AssignOr,
+    /// `**=`
+    AssignPow,
+    /// `>>=`
+    AssignRightSh,
+    /// `-=`
+    AssignSub,
+    /// `>>>=`
+    AssignURightSh,
+    /// `^=`
+    AssignXor,
+    /// `&&`
+    BoolAnd,
+    /// `||`
+    BoolOr,
+    /// `}`
+    CloseBlock,
+    /// `]`
+    CloseBracket,
+    /// `)`
+    CloseParen,
+    /// `??`
+    Coalesce,
+    /// `:`
+    Colon,
+    /// `,`
+    Comma,
+    /// `--`
+    Dec,
+    /// `/`
+    Div,
+    /// `.`
+    Dot,
+    /// `==`
+    Eq,
+    /// `>`
+    GreaterThan,
+    /// `>=`
+    GreaterThanOrEq,
+    /// `++`
+    Inc,
+    /// `<<`
+    LeftSh,
+    /// `<`
+    LessThan,
+    /// `<=`
+    LessThanOrEq,
+    /// `%`
+    Mod,
+    /// `*`
+    Mul,
+    /// `~`
+    Neg,
+    /// `!`
+    Not,
+    /// `!=`
+    NotEq,
+    /// `{`
+    OpenBlock,
+    /// `[`
+    OpenBracket,
+    /// `(`
+    OpenParen,
+    /// `?.`
+    Optional,
+    /// `|`
+    Or,
+    /// `**`
+    Exp,
+    /// `?`
+    Question,
+    /// `>>`
+    RightSh,
+    /// `;`
+    Semicolon,
+    /// `...`
+    Spread,
+    /// `===`
+    StrictEq,
+    /// `!==`
+    StrictNotEq,
+    /// `-`
+    Sub,
+    /// `>>>`
+    URightSh,
+    /// `^`
+    Xor,
+}
+
+impl Punctuator {
+    /// Attempts to convert a punctuator (`+`, `=`...) to an Assign Operator
+    ///
+    /// If there is no match, `None` will be returned.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn as_assign_op(self) -> Option<AssignOp> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Assign => Some(AssignOp::Assign),
+            Self::AssignAdd => Some(AssignOp::Add),
+            Self::AssignAnd => Some(AssignOp::And),
+            Self::AssignBoolAnd => Some(AssignOp::BoolAnd),
+            Self::AssignBoolOr => Some(AssignOp::BoolOr),
+            Self::AssignCoalesce => Some(AssignOp::Coalesce),
+            Self::AssignDiv => Some(AssignOp::Div),
+            Self::AssignLeftSh => Some(AssignOp::Shl),
+            Self::AssignMod => Some(AssignOp::Mod),
+            Self::AssignMul => Some(AssignOp::Mul),
+            Self::AssignOr => Some(AssignOp::Or),
+            Self::AssignPow => Some(AssignOp::Exp),
+            Self::AssignRightSh => Some(AssignOp::Shr),
+            Self::AssignSub => Some(AssignOp::Sub),
+            Self::AssignURightSh => Some(AssignOp::Ushr),
+            Self::AssignXor => Some(AssignOp::Xor),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to convert a punctuator (`+`, `=`...) to a Binary Operator
+    ///
+    /// If there is no match, `None` will be returned.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn as_binary_op(self) -> Option<BinaryOp> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Add => Some(BinaryOp::Arithmetic(ArithmeticOp::Add)),
+            Self::Sub => Some(BinaryOp::Arithmetic(ArithmeticOp::Sub)),
+            Self::Mul => Some(BinaryOp::Arithmetic(ArithmeticOp::Mul)),
+            Self::Div => Some(BinaryOp::Arithmetic(ArithmeticOp::Div)),
+            Self::Mod => Some(BinaryOp::Arithmetic(ArithmeticOp::Mod)),
+            Self::And => Some(BinaryOp::Bitwise(BitwiseOp::And)),
+            Self::Or => Some(BinaryOp::Bitwise(BitwiseOp::Or)),
+            Self::Xor => Some(BinaryOp::Bitwise(BitwiseOp::Xor)),
+            Self::BoolAnd => Some(BinaryOp::Logical(LogicalOp::And)),
+            Self::BoolOr => Some(BinaryOp::Logical(LogicalOp::Or)),
+            Self::Coalesce => Some(BinaryOp::Logical(LogicalOp::Coalesce)),
+            Self::Eq => Some(BinaryOp::Relational(RelationalOp::Equal)),
+            Self::NotEq => Some(BinaryOp::Relational(RelationalOp::NotEqual)),
+            Self::StrictEq => Some(BinaryOp::Relational(RelationalOp::StrictEqual)),
+            Self::StrictNotEq => Some(BinaryOp::Relational(RelationalOp::StrictNotEqual)),
+            Self::LessThan => Some(BinaryOp::Relational(RelationalOp::LessThan)),
+            Self::GreaterThan => Some(BinaryOp::Relational(RelationalOp::GreaterThan)),
+            Self::GreaterThanOrEq => Some(BinaryOp::Relational(RelationalOp::GreaterThanOrEqual)),
+            Self::LessThanOrEq => Some(BinaryOp::Relational(RelationalOp::LessThanOrEqual)),
+            Self::LeftSh => Some(BinaryOp::Bitwise(BitwiseOp::Shl)),
+            Self::RightSh => Some(BinaryOp::Bitwise(BitwiseOp::Shr)),
+            Self::URightSh => Some(BinaryOp::Bitwise(BitwiseOp::UShr)),
+            Self::Comma => Some(BinaryOp::Comma),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the punctuator as a static string.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Add => "+",
+            Self::And => "&",
+            Self::Arrow => "=>",
+            Self::Assign => "=",
+            Self::AssignAdd => "+=",
+            Self::AssignAnd => "&=",
+            Self::AssignBoolAnd => "&&=",
+            Self::AssignBoolOr => "||=",
+            Self::AssignCoalesce => "??=",
+            Self::AssignDiv => "/=",
+            Self::AssignLeftSh => "<<=",
+            Self::AssignMod => "%=",
+            Self::AssignMul => "*=",
+            Self::AssignOr => "|=",
+            Self::AssignPow => "**=",
+            Self::AssignRightSh => ">>=",
+            Self::AssignSub => "-=",
+            Self::AssignURightSh => ">>>=",
+            Self::AssignXor => "^=",
+            Self::BoolAnd => "&&",
+            Self::BoolOr => "||",
+            Self::Coalesce => "??",
+            Self::CloseBlock => "}",
+            Self::CloseBracket => "]",
+            Self::CloseParen => ")",
+            Self::Colon => ":",
+            Self::Comma => ",",
+            Self::Dec => "--",
+            Self::Div => "/",
+            Self::Dot => ".",
+            Self::Eq => "==",
+            Self::GreaterThan => ">",
+            Self::GreaterThanOrEq => ">=",
+            Self::Inc => "++",
+            Self::LeftSh => "<<",
+            Self::LessThan => "<",
+            Self::LessThanOrEq => "<=",
+            Self::Mod => "%",
+            Self::Mul => "*",
+            Self::Neg => "~",
+            Self::Not => "!",
+            Self::NotEq => "!=",
+            Self::OpenBlock => "{",
+            Self::OpenBracket => "[",
+            Self::OpenParen => "(",
+            Self::Optional => "?.",
+            Self::Or => "|",
+            Self::Exp => "**",
+            Self::Question => "?",
+            Self::RightSh => ">>",
+            Self::Semicolon => ";",
+            Self::Spread => "...",
+            Self::StrictEq => "===",
+            Self::StrictNotEq => "!==",
+            Self::Sub => "-",
+            Self::URightSh => ">>>",
+            Self::Xor => "^",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryInto<BinaryOp> for Punctuator {
+    type Error = String;
+    fn try_into(self) -> Result<BinaryOp, Self::Error> {
+        self.as_binary_op()
+            .ok_or_else(|| format!("No binary operation for {self}"))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for Punctuator {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Punctuator> for Box<str> {
+    fn from(p: Punctuator) -> Self {
+        p.as_str().into()
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/block.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+//! Block AST node.
+
+use crate::{
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+    Statement, StatementList,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// A `block` statement (or compound statement in other languages) is used to group zero or
+/// more statements.
+///
+/// The block statement is often called compound statement in other languages.
+/// It allows you to use multiple statements where ECMAScript expects only one statement.
+/// Combining statements into blocks is a common practice in ECMAScript. The opposite behavior
+/// is possible using an empty statement, where you provide no statement, although one is
+/// required.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BlockStatement
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/block
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Default)]
+pub struct Block {
+    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(flatten))]
+    statements: StatementList,
+}
+
+impl Block {
+    /// Gets the list of statements and declarations in this block.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn statement_list(&self) -> &StatementList {
+        &self.statements
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<T> for Block
+where
+    T: Into<StatementList>,
+{
+    fn from(list: T) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            statements: list.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for Block {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{{\n{}{}}}",
+            self.statements
+                .to_indented_string(interner, indentation + 1),
+            "    ".repeat(indentation)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Block> for Statement {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(block: Block) -> Self {
+        Self::Block(block)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Block {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_statement_list(&self.statements)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_statement_list_mut(&mut self.statements)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/if.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+//! If statement
+
+use crate::{
+    expression::Expression,
+    statement::Statement,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// The `if` statement executes a statement if a specified condition is [`truthy`][truthy]. If
+/// the condition is [`falsy`][falsy], another statement can be executed.
+///
+/// Multiple `if...else` statements can be nested to create an else if clause.
+///
+/// Note that there is no elseif (in one word) keyword in JavaScript.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-IfStatement
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else
+/// [truthy]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/truthy
+/// [falsy]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/falsy
+/// [expression]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#Expressions
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct If {
+    condition: Expression,
+    body: Box<Statement>,
+    else_node: Option<Box<Statement>>,
+}
+
+impl If {
+    /// Gets the condition of the if statement.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn cond(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.condition
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the body to execute if the condition is true.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &Statement {
+        &self.body
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the `else` node, if it has one.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn else_node(&self) -> Option<&Statement> {
+        self.else_node.as_ref().map(Box::as_ref)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates an `If` AST node.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(condition: Expression, body: Statement, else_node: Option<Statement>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            condition,
+            body: body.into(),
+            else_node: else_node.map(Box::new),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for If {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indent: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = format!("if ({}) ", self.cond().to_interned_string(interner));
+        match self.else_node() {
+            Some(else_e) => {
+                buf.push_str(&format!(
+                    "{} else {}",
+                    self.body().to_indented_string(interner, indent),
+                    else_e.to_indented_string(interner, indent)
+                ));
+            }
+            None => {
+                buf.push_str(&self.body().to_indented_string(interner, indent));
+            }
+        }
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<If> for Statement {
+    fn from(if_stm: If) -> Self {
+        Self::If(if_stm)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for If {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.condition));
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_statement(&self.body));
+        if let Some(stmt) = &self.else_node {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_statement(stmt));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.condition));
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_statement_mut(&mut self.body));
+        if let Some(stmt) = &mut self.else_node {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_statement_mut(stmt));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/iteration/break.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use crate::Statement;
+
+/// The `break` statement terminates the current loop, switch, or label statement and transfers
+/// program control to the statement following the terminated statement.
+///
+/// The break statement includes an optional label that allows the program to break out of a
+/// labeled statement. The break statement needs to be nested within the referenced label. The
+/// labeled statement can be any block statement; it does not have to be preceded by a loop
+/// statement.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-BreakStatement
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/break
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Break {
+    label: Option<Sym>,
+}
+
+impl Break {
+    /// Creates a `Break` AST node.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(label: Option<Sym>) -> Self {
+        Self { label }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the label of the break statement, if any.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn label(&self) -> Option<Sym> {
+        self.label
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Break {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        self.label.map_or_else(
+            || "break".to_owned(),
+            |label| format!("break {}", interner.resolve_expect(label)),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Break> for Statement {
+    fn from(break_smt: Break) -> Self {
+        Self::Break(break_smt)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Break {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(sym) = &self.label {
+            visitor.visit_sym(sym)
+        } else {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(sym) = &mut self.label {
+            visitor.visit_sym_mut(sym)
+        } else {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/iteration/continue.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+use crate::statement::Statement;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// The `continue` statement terminates execution of the statements in the current iteration of
+/// the current or labeled loop, and continues execution of the loop with the next iteration.
+///
+/// The continue statement can include an optional label that allows the program to jump to the
+/// next iteration of a labeled loop statement instead of the current loop. In this case, the
+/// continue statement needs to be nested within this labeled statement.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ContinueStatement
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/continue
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Continue {
+    label: Option<Sym>,
+}
+
+impl Continue {
+    /// Creates a `Continue` AST node.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(label: Option<Sym>) -> Self {
+        Self { label }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the label of this `Continue` statement.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn label(&self) -> Option<Sym> {
+        self.label
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Continue {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        self.label.map_or_else(
+            || "continue".to_owned(),
+            |label| format!("continue {}", interner.resolve_expect(label)),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Continue> for Statement {
+    fn from(cont: Continue) -> Self {
+        Self::Continue(cont)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Continue {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(sym) = &self.label {
+            visitor.visit_sym(sym)
+        } else {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(sym) = &mut self.label {
+            visitor.visit_sym_mut(sym)
+        } else {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/iteration/do_while_loop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+use crate::{
+    expression::Expression,
+    statement::Statement,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// The `do...while` statement creates a loop that executes a specified statement until the
+/// test condition evaluates to false.
+///
+/// The condition is evaluated after executing the statement, resulting in the specified
+/// statement executing at least once.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-do-while-statement
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/do...while
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct DoWhileLoop {
+    body: Box<Statement>,
+    condition: Expression,
+}
+
+impl DoWhileLoop {
+    /// Gets the body of the do-while loop.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &Statement {
+        &self.body
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the condition of the do-while loop.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn cond(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.condition
+    }
+    /// Creates a `DoWhileLoop` AST node.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(body: Statement, condition: Expression) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            body: body.into(),
+            condition,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for DoWhileLoop {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "do {} while ({})",
+            self.body().to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            self.cond().to_interned_string(interner)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<DoWhileLoop> for Statement {
+    fn from(do_while: DoWhileLoop) -> Self {
+        Self::DoWhileLoop(do_while)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for DoWhileLoop {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_statement(&self.body));
+        visitor.visit_expression(&self.condition)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_statement_mut(&mut self.body));
+        visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.condition)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/iteration/for_in_loop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use crate::{
+    expression::Expression,
+    statement::{iteration::IterableLoopInitializer, Statement},
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// A `for...in` loop statement, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// [`for...in`][forin] statements loop over all enumerable string properties of an object, including
+/// inherited properties.
+///
+/// [forin]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for...in
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ForInOfStatement
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ForInLoop {
+    initializer: IterableLoopInitializer,
+    target: Expression,
+    body: Box<Statement>,
+}
+
+impl ForInLoop {
+    /// Creates a new `ForInLoop`.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(initializer: IterableLoopInitializer, target: Expression, body: Statement) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            initializer,
+            target,
+            body: body.into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the initializer of the for...in loop.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn initializer(&self) -> &IterableLoopInitializer {
+        &self.initializer
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the target object of the for...in loop.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn target(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.target
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the body of the for...in loop.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &Statement {
+        &self.body
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for ForInLoop {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = format!(
+            "for ({} in {}) ",
+            self.initializer.to_interned_string(interner),
+            self.target.to_interned_string(interner)
+        );
+        buf.push_str(&self.body().to_indented_string(interner, indentation));
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ForInLoop> for Statement {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(for_in: ForInLoop) -> Self {
+        Self::ForInLoop(for_in)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for ForInLoop {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_iterable_loop_initializer(&self.initializer));
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.target));
+        visitor.visit_statement(&self.body)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_iterable_loop_initializer_mut(&mut self.initializer));
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.target));
+        visitor.visit_statement_mut(&mut self.body)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/iteration/for_loop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use crate::{
+    declaration::{LexicalDeclaration, VarDeclaration},
+    statement::Statement,
+    Expression,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// The `for` statement creates a loop that consists of three optional expressions.
+///
+/// A [`for`][mdn] loop repeats until a specified condition evaluates to `false`.
+/// The JavaScript for loop is similar to the Java and C for loop.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ForDeclaration
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ForLoop {
+    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(flatten))]
+    inner: Box<InnerForLoop>,
+}
+
+impl ForLoop {
+    /// Creates a new for loop AST node.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        init: Option<ForLoopInitializer>,
+        condition: Option<Expression>,
+        final_expr: Option<Expression>,
+        body: Statement,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: Box::new(InnerForLoop::new(init, condition, final_expr, body)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the initialization node.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn init(&self) -> Option<&ForLoopInitializer> {
+        self.inner.init()
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the loop condition node.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn condition(&self) -> Option<&Expression> {
+        self.inner.condition()
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the final expression node.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn final_expr(&self) -> Option<&Expression> {
+        self.inner.final_expr()
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the body of the for loop.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &Statement {
+        self.inner.body()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for ForLoop {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = String::from("for (");
+        if let Some(init) = self.init() {
+            buf.push_str(&init.to_interned_string(interner));
+        }
+        buf.push_str("; ");
+        if let Some(condition) = self.condition() {
+            buf.push_str(&condition.to_interned_string(interner));
+        }
+        buf.push_str("; ");
+        if let Some(final_expr) = self.final_expr() {
+            buf.push_str(&final_expr.to_interned_string(interner));
+        }
+        buf.push_str(&format!(
+            ") {}",
+            self.inner.body().to_indented_string(interner, indentation)
+        ));
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ForLoop> for Statement {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(for_loop: ForLoop) -> Self {
+        Self::ForLoop(for_loop)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for ForLoop {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(fli) = &self.inner.init {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_for_loop_initializer(fli));
+        }
+        if let Some(expr) = &self.inner.condition {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(expr));
+        }
+        if let Some(expr) = &self.inner.final_expr {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(expr));
+        }
+        visitor.visit_statement(&self.inner.body)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(fli) = &mut self.inner.init {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_for_loop_initializer_mut(fli));
+        }
+        if let Some(expr) = &mut self.inner.condition {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr));
+        }
+        if let Some(expr) = &mut self.inner.final_expr {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr));
+        }
+        visitor.visit_statement_mut(&mut self.inner.body)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Inner structure to avoid multiple indirections in the heap.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+struct InnerForLoop {
+    init: Option<ForLoopInitializer>,
+    condition: Option<Expression>,
+    final_expr: Option<Expression>,
+    body: Statement,
+}
+
+impl InnerForLoop {
+    /// Creates a new inner for loop.
+    #[inline]
+    const fn new(
+        init: Option<ForLoopInitializer>,
+        condition: Option<Expression>,
+        final_expr: Option<Expression>,
+        body: Statement,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            init,
+            condition,
+            final_expr,
+            body,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the initialization node.
+    #[inline]
+    const fn init(&self) -> Option<&ForLoopInitializer> {
+        self.init.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the loop condition node.
+    #[inline]
+    const fn condition(&self) -> Option<&Expression> {
+        self.condition.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the final expression node.
+    #[inline]
+    const fn final_expr(&self) -> Option<&Expression> {
+        self.final_expr.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the body of the for loop.
+    #[inline]
+    const fn body(&self) -> &Statement {
+        &self.body
+    }
+}
+
+/// A [`ForLoop`] initializer, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// A `ForLoop` initializer differs a lot from an
+/// [`IterableLoopInitializer`][super::IterableLoopInitializer], since it can contain any arbitrary
+/// expression instead of only accessors and patterns. Additionally, it can also contain many variable
+/// declarations instead of only one.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ForStatement
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ForLoopInitializer {
+    /// An expression initializer.
+    Expression(Expression),
+    /// A var declaration initializer.
+    Var(VarDeclaration),
+    /// A lexical declaration initializer.
+    Lexical(LexicalDeclaration),
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for ForLoopInitializer {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Var(var) => var.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Lexical(lex) => lex.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Expression(expr) => expr.to_interned_string(interner),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Expression> for ForLoopInitializer {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(expr: Expression) -> Self {
+        Self::Expression(expr)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<LexicalDeclaration> for ForLoopInitializer {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(list: LexicalDeclaration) -> Self {
+        Self::Lexical(list)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<VarDeclaration> for ForLoopInitializer {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(list: VarDeclaration) -> Self {
+        Self::Var(list)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for ForLoopInitializer {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Expression(expr) => visitor.visit_expression(expr),
+            Self::Var(vd) => visitor.visit_var_declaration(vd),
+            Self::Lexical(ld) => visitor.visit_lexical_declaration(ld),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Expression(expr) => visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr),
+            Self::Var(vd) => visitor.visit_var_declaration_mut(vd),
+            Self::Lexical(ld) => visitor.visit_lexical_declaration_mut(ld),
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/iteration/for_of_loop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use crate::{
+    expression::Expression,
+    statement::{iteration::IterableLoopInitializer, Statement},
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// A `for...of` loop statement, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// [`for..of`][forof] statements loop over a sequence of values obtained from an iterable object (Array,
+/// String, Map, generators).
+///
+/// This type combines `for..of` and [`for await...of`][forawait] statements in a single structure,
+/// since `for await...of` is essentially the same statement but with async iterable objects
+/// as the source of iteration.
+///
+/// [forof]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for...of
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ForInOfStatement
+/// [forawait]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for-await...of
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ForOfLoop {
+    init: IterableLoopInitializer,
+    iterable: Expression,
+    body: Box<Statement>,
+    r#await: bool,
+}
+
+impl ForOfLoop {
+    /// Creates a new "for of" loop AST node.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        init: IterableLoopInitializer,
+        iterable: Expression,
+        body: Statement,
+        r#await: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            init,
+            iterable,
+            body: body.into(),
+            r#await,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the initializer of the for...of loop.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn initializer(&self) -> &IterableLoopInitializer {
+        &self.init
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the iterable expression of the for...of loop.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn iterable(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.iterable
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the body to execute in the for...of loop.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &Statement {
+        &self.body
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this "for...of" loop is an "for await...of" loop.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn r#await(&self) -> bool {
+        self.r#await
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for ForOfLoop {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "for ({} of {}) {}",
+            self.init.to_interned_string(interner),
+            self.iterable.to_interned_string(interner),
+            self.body().to_indented_string(interner, indentation)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ForOfLoop> for Statement {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(for_of: ForOfLoop) -> Self {
+        Self::ForOfLoop(for_of)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for ForOfLoop {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_iterable_loop_initializer(&self.init));
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.iterable));
+        visitor.visit_statement(&self.body)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_iterable_loop_initializer_mut(&mut self.init));
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.iterable));
+        visitor.visit_statement_mut(&mut self.body)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/iteration/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+//! Iteration nodes
+
+mod r#break;
+mod r#continue;
+mod do_while_loop;
+mod for_in_loop;
+mod for_loop;
+mod for_of_loop;
+mod while_loop;
+
+use crate::{
+    declaration::Binding,
+    expression::{access::PropertyAccess, Identifier},
+    pattern::Pattern,
+};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+pub use self::{
+    do_while_loop::DoWhileLoop,
+    for_in_loop::ForInLoop,
+    for_loop::{ForLoop, ForLoopInitializer},
+    for_of_loop::ForOfLoop,
+    r#break::Break,
+    r#continue::Continue,
+    while_loop::WhileLoop,
+};
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+
+/// A `for-in`, `for-of` and `for-await-of` loop initializer.
+///
+/// The [spec] specifies only single bindings for the listed types of loops, which makes us
+/// unable to use plain `LexicalDeclaration`s or `VarStatement`s as initializers, since those
+/// can have more than one binding.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ForInOfStatement
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum IterableLoopInitializer {
+    /// An already declared variable.
+    Identifier(Identifier),
+    /// A property access.
+    Access(PropertyAccess),
+    /// A new var declaration.
+    Var(Binding),
+    /// A new let declaration.
+    Let(Binding),
+    /// A new const declaration.
+    Const(Binding),
+    /// A pattern with already declared variables.
+    Pattern(Pattern),
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for IterableLoopInitializer {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        let (binding, pre) = match self {
+            Self::Identifier(ident) => return ident.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Pattern(pattern) => return pattern.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Access(access) => return access.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Var(binding) => (binding, "var"),
+            Self::Let(binding) => (binding, "let"),
+            Self::Const(binding) => (binding, "const"),
+        };
+
+        format!("{pre} {}", binding.to_interned_string(interner))
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for IterableLoopInitializer {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Identifier(id) => visitor.visit_identifier(id),
+            Self::Access(pa) => visitor.visit_property_access(pa),
+            Self::Var(b) | Self::Let(b) | Self::Const(b) => visitor.visit_binding(b),
+            Self::Pattern(p) => visitor.visit_pattern(p),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Identifier(id) => visitor.visit_identifier_mut(id),
+            Self::Access(pa) => visitor.visit_property_access_mut(pa),
+            Self::Var(b) | Self::Let(b) | Self::Const(b) => visitor.visit_binding_mut(b),
+            Self::Pattern(p) => visitor.visit_pattern_mut(p),
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/iteration/while_loop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+use crate::{
+    expression::Expression,
+    statement::Statement,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// The `while` statement creates a loop that executes a specified statement as long as the
+/// test condition evaluates to `true`.
+///
+/// The condition is evaluated before executing the statement.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-grammar-notation-WhileStatement
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/while
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct WhileLoop {
+    condition: Expression,
+    body: Box<Statement>,
+}
+
+impl WhileLoop {
+    /// Creates a `WhileLoop` AST node.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(condition: Expression, body: Statement) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            condition,
+            body: body.into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the condition of the while loop.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn condition(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.condition
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the body of the while loop.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &Statement {
+        &self.body
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for WhileLoop {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "while ({}) {}",
+            self.condition().to_interned_string(interner),
+            self.body().to_indented_string(interner, indentation)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<WhileLoop> for Statement {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(while_loop: WhileLoop) -> Self {
+        Self::WhileLoop(while_loop)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for WhileLoop {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.condition));
+        visitor.visit_statement(&self.body)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.condition));
+        visitor.visit_statement_mut(&mut self.body)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/labelled.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+use crate::{
+    function::Function,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+    Statement,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, Sym, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// The set of Parse Nodes that can be preceded by a label, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// Semantically, a [`Labelled`] statement should only wrap [`Statement`] nodes. However,
+/// old ECMAScript implementations supported [labelled function declarations][label-fn] as an extension
+/// of the grammar. In the ECMAScript 2015 spec, the production of `LabelledStatement` was
+/// modified to include labelled [`Function`]s as a valid node.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-LabelledItem
+/// [label-fn]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-labelled-function-declarations
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum LabelledItem {
+    /// A labelled [`Function`].
+    Function(Function),
+    /// A labelled [`Statement`].
+    Statement(Statement),
+}
+
+impl LabelledItem {
+    pub(crate) fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Function(f) => f.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::Statement(stmt) => stmt.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for LabelledItem {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        self.to_indented_string(interner, 0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Function> for LabelledItem {
+    fn from(f: Function) -> Self {
+        Self::Function(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Statement> for LabelledItem {
+    fn from(stmt: Statement) -> Self {
+        Self::Statement(stmt)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for LabelledItem {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Function(f) => visitor.visit_function(f),
+            Self::Statement(s) => visitor.visit_statement(s),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Function(f) => visitor.visit_function_mut(f),
+            Self::Statement(s) => visitor.visit_statement_mut(s),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Labelled statement nodes, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// The method [`Labelled::item`] doesn't return a [`Statement`] for compatibility reasons.
+/// See [`LabelledItem`] for more information.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-labelled-statements
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Labelled {
+    item: Box<LabelledItem>,
+    label: Sym,
+}
+
+impl Labelled {
+    /// Creates a new `Labelled` statement.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(item: LabelledItem, label: Sym) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            item: Box::new(item),
+            label,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the labelled item.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn item(&self) -> &LabelledItem {
+        &self.item
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the label name.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn label(&self) -> Sym {
+        self.label
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{}: {}",
+            interner.resolve_expect(self.label),
+            self.item.to_indented_string(interner, indentation)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Labelled {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        self.to_indented_string(interner, 0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Labelled> for Statement {
+    fn from(labelled: Labelled) -> Self {
+        Self::Labelled(labelled)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Labelled {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_labelled_item(&self.item));
+        visitor.visit_sym(&self.label)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_labelled_item_mut(&mut self.item));
+        visitor.visit_sym_mut(&mut self.label)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+//! The [`Statement`] Parse Node, as defined by the [spec].
+//!
+//! ECMAScript [statements] are mainly composed of control flow operations, such as [`If`],
+//! [`WhileLoop`], and [`Break`]. However, it also contains statements such as [`VarDeclaration`],
+//! [`Block`] or [`Expression`] which are not strictly used for control flow.
+//!
+//! [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-Statement
+//! [statements]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements
+
+mod block;
+mod r#if;
+mod labelled;
+mod r#return;
+mod switch;
+mod throw;
+mod r#try;
+
+pub mod iteration;
+
+pub use self::{
+    block::Block,
+    iteration::{Break, Continue, DoWhileLoop, ForInLoop, ForLoop, ForOfLoop, WhileLoop},
+    labelled::{Labelled, LabelledItem},
+    r#if::If,
+    r#return::Return,
+    r#try::{Catch, ErrorHandler, Finally, Try},
+    switch::{Case, Switch},
+    throw::Throw,
+};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+
+use super::{declaration::VarDeclaration, expression::Expression};
+
+/// The `Statement` Parse Node.
+///
+/// See the [module level documentation][self] for more information.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Statement {
+    /// See [`Block`].
+    Block(Block),
+
+    /// See [`VarDeclaration`]
+    Var(VarDeclaration),
+
+    /// An empty statement.
+    ///
+    /// Empty statements do nothing, just return undefined.
+    ///
+    /// More information:
+    ///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+    ///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-EmptyStatement
+    /// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/Empty
+    Empty,
+
+    /// See [`Expression`].
+    Expression(Expression),
+
+    /// See [`If`].
+    If(If),
+
+    /// See [`DoWhileLoop`].
+    DoWhileLoop(DoWhileLoop),
+
+    /// See [`WhileLoop`].
+    WhileLoop(WhileLoop),
+
+    /// See [`ForLoop`].
+    ForLoop(ForLoop),
+
+    /// See [`ForInLoop`].
+    ForInLoop(ForInLoop),
+
+    /// See [`ForOfLoop`].
+    ForOfLoop(ForOfLoop),
+
+    /// See[`Switch`].
+    Switch(Switch),
+
+    /// See [`Continue`].
+    Continue(Continue),
+
+    /// See [`Break`].
+    Break(Break),
+
+    /// See [`Return`].
+    Return(Return),
+
+    // TODO: Possibly add `with` statements.
+    /// See [`Labelled`].
+    Labelled(Labelled),
+
+    /// See [`Throw`].
+    Throw(Throw),
+
+    /// See [`Try`].
+    Try(Try),
+}
+
+impl Statement {
+    /// Implements the display formatting with indentation.
+    ///
+    /// This will not prefix the value with any indentation. If you want to prefix this with proper
+    /// indents, use [`to_indented_string()`](Self::to_indented_string).
+    pub(super) fn to_no_indent_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut s = match self {
+            Self::Block(block) => return block.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::Var(var) => var.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Empty => return ";".to_owned(),
+            Self::Expression(expr) => expr.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::If(if_smt) => return if_smt.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::DoWhileLoop(do_while) => do_while.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::WhileLoop(while_loop) => {
+                return while_loop.to_indented_string(interner, indentation)
+            }
+            Self::ForLoop(for_loop) => return for_loop.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::ForInLoop(for_in) => return for_in.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::ForOfLoop(for_of) => return for_of.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::Switch(switch) => return switch.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+            Self::Continue(cont) => cont.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Break(break_smt) => break_smt.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Return(ret) => ret.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Labelled(labelled) => return labelled.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Throw(throw) => throw.to_interned_string(interner),
+            Self::Try(try_catch) => return try_catch.to_indented_string(interner, indentation),
+        };
+        s.push(';');
+        s
+    }
+
+    /// Abstract operation [`IsLabelledFunction`][spec].
+    ///
+    /// This recursively checks if this `Statement` is a labelled function, since adding
+    /// several labels in a function should not change the return value of the abstract operation:
+    ///
+    /// ```Javascript
+    /// l1: l2: l3: l4: function f(){ }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// This should return `true` for that snippet.
+    ///
+    /// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#sec-islabelledfunction
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn is_labelled_function(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::Labelled(stmt) => match stmt.item() {
+                LabelledItem::Function(_) => true,
+                LabelledItem::Statement(stmt) => stmt.is_labelled_function(),
+            },
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for Statement {
+    /// Creates a string of the value of the node with the given indentation. For example, an
+    /// indent level of 2 would produce this:
+    ///
+    /// ```js
+    ///         function hello() {
+    ///             console.log("hello");
+    ///         }
+    ///         hello();
+    ///         a = 2;
+    /// ```
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = match *self {
+            Self::Block(_) => String::new(),
+            _ => "    ".repeat(indentation),
+        };
+
+        buf.push_str(&self.to_no_indent_string(interner, indentation));
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Statement {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Block(b) => visitor.visit_block(b),
+            Self::Var(v) => visitor.visit_var_declaration(v),
+            Self::Empty => {
+                // do nothing; there is nothing to visit here
+                ControlFlow::Continue(())
+            }
+            Self::Expression(e) => visitor.visit_expression(e),
+            Self::If(i) => visitor.visit_if(i),
+            Self::DoWhileLoop(dw) => visitor.visit_do_while_loop(dw),
+            Self::WhileLoop(w) => visitor.visit_while_loop(w),
+            Self::ForLoop(f) => visitor.visit_for_loop(f),
+            Self::ForInLoop(fi) => visitor.visit_for_in_loop(fi),
+            Self::ForOfLoop(fo) => visitor.visit_for_of_loop(fo),
+            Self::Switch(s) => visitor.visit_switch(s),
+            Self::Continue(c) => visitor.visit_continue(c),
+            Self::Break(b) => visitor.visit_break(b),
+            Self::Return(r) => visitor.visit_return(r),
+            Self::Labelled(l) => visitor.visit_labelled(l),
+            Self::Throw(th) => visitor.visit_throw(th),
+            Self::Try(tr) => visitor.visit_try(tr),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Block(b) => visitor.visit_block_mut(b),
+            Self::Var(v) => visitor.visit_var_declaration_mut(v),
+            Self::Empty => {
+                // do nothing; there is nothing to visit here
+                ControlFlow::Continue(())
+            }
+            Self::Expression(e) => visitor.visit_expression_mut(e),
+            Self::If(i) => visitor.visit_if_mut(i),
+            Self::DoWhileLoop(dw) => visitor.visit_do_while_loop_mut(dw),
+            Self::WhileLoop(w) => visitor.visit_while_loop_mut(w),
+            Self::ForLoop(f) => visitor.visit_for_loop_mut(f),
+            Self::ForInLoop(fi) => visitor.visit_for_in_loop_mut(fi),
+            Self::ForOfLoop(fo) => visitor.visit_for_of_loop_mut(fo),
+            Self::Switch(s) => visitor.visit_switch_mut(s),
+            Self::Continue(c) => visitor.visit_continue_mut(c),
+            Self::Break(b) => visitor.visit_break_mut(b),
+            Self::Return(r) => visitor.visit_return_mut(r),
+            Self::Labelled(l) => visitor.visit_labelled_mut(l),
+            Self::Throw(th) => visitor.visit_throw_mut(th),
+            Self::Try(tr) => visitor.visit_try_mut(tr),
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/return.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use crate::{
+    expression::Expression,
+    statement::Statement,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// The `return` statement ends function execution and specifies a value to be returned to the
+/// function caller.
+///
+/// Syntax: `return [expression];`
+///
+/// `expression`:
+///  > The expression whose value is to be returned. If omitted, `undefined` is returned instead.
+///
+/// When a `return` statement is used in a function body, the execution of the function is
+/// stopped. If specified, a given value is returned to the function caller.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ReturnStatement
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/return
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Return {
+    target: Option<Expression>,
+}
+
+impl Return {
+    /// Gets the target expression value of this `Return` statement.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn target(&self) -> Option<&Expression> {
+        self.target.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `Return` AST node.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(expression: Option<Expression>) -> Self {
+        Self { target: expression }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Return> for Statement {
+    fn from(return_smt: Return) -> Self {
+        Self::Return(return_smt)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Return {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        self.target().map_or_else(
+            || "return".to_owned(),
+            |ex| format!("return {}", ex.to_interned_string(interner)),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Return {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(expr) = &self.target {
+            visitor.visit_expression(expr)
+        } else {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(expr) = &mut self.target {
+            visitor.visit_expression_mut(expr)
+        } else {
+            ControlFlow::Continue(())
+        }
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/switch.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+//! Switch node.
+//!
+use crate::{
+    expression::Expression,
+    statement::Statement,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+    StatementList,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// A case clause inside a [`Switch`] statement, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// Even though every [`Case`] body is a [`StatementList`], it doesn't create a new lexical
+/// environment. This means any variable declared in a `Case` will be considered as part of the
+/// lexical environment of the parent [`Switch`] block.
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-CaseClause
+/// [truthy]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Truthy
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Case {
+    condition: Expression,
+    body: StatementList,
+}
+
+impl Case {
+    /// Creates a `Case` AST node.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(condition: Expression, body: StatementList) -> Self {
+        Self { condition, body }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the condition of the case.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn condition(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.condition
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the statement listin the body of the case.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn body(&self) -> &StatementList {
+        &self.body
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Case {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.condition));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list(&self.body)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.condition));
+        visitor.visit_statement_list_mut(&mut self.body)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The `switch` statement evaluates an expression, matching the expression's value to a case
+/// clause, and executes statements associated with that case, as well as statements in cases
+/// that follow the matching case.
+///
+/// A `switch` statement first evaluates its expression. It then looks for the first case
+/// clause whose expression evaluates to the same value as the result of the input expression
+/// (using the strict comparison, `===`) and transfers control to that clause, executing the
+/// associated statements. (If multiple cases match the provided value, the first case that
+/// matches is selected, even if the cases are not equal to each other.)
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-SwitchStatement
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/switch
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Switch {
+    val: Expression,
+    cases: Box<[Case]>,
+    default: Option<StatementList>,
+}
+
+impl Switch {
+    /// Creates a `Switch` AST node.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(val: Expression, cases: Box<[Case]>, default: Option<StatementList>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            val,
+            cases,
+            default,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the value to switch.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn val(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.val
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the list of cases for the switch statement.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn cases(&self) -> &[Case] {
+        &self.cases
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the default statement list, if any.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn default(&self) -> Option<&StatementList> {
+        self.default.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for Switch {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let indent = "    ".repeat(indentation);
+        let mut buf = format!("switch ({}) {{\n", self.val().to_interned_string(interner));
+        for e in self.cases().iter() {
+            buf.push_str(&format!(
+                "{}    case {}:\n{}",
+                indent,
+                e.condition().to_interned_string(interner),
+                e.body().to_indented_string(interner, indentation + 2)
+            ));
+        }
+
+        if let Some(ref default) = self.default {
+            buf.push_str(&format!(
+                "{indent}    default:\n{}",
+                default.to_indented_string(interner, indentation + 2)
+            ));
+        }
+        buf.push_str(&format!("{indent}}}"));
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Switch> for Statement {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(switch: Switch) -> Self {
+        Self::Switch(switch)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Switch {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression(&self.val));
+        for case in self.cases.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_case(case));
+        }
+        if let Some(sl) = &self.default {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_statement_list(sl));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.val));
+        for case in self.cases.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_case_mut(case));
+        }
+        if let Some(sl) = &mut self.default {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_statement_list_mut(sl));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/throw.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+use crate::{
+    statement::Statement,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+    Expression,
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// The `throw` statement throws a user-defined exception.
+///
+/// Syntax: `throw expression;`
+///
+/// Execution of the current function will stop (the statements after throw won't be executed),
+/// and control will be passed to the first catch block in the call stack. If no catch block
+/// exists among caller functions, the program will terminate.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ThrowStatement
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/throw
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Throw {
+    target: Expression,
+}
+
+impl Throw {
+    /// Gets the target expression of this `Throw` statement.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn target(&self) -> &Expression {
+        &self.target
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a `Throw` AST node.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(target: Expression) -> Self {
+        Self { target }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToInternedString for Throw {
+    fn to_interned_string(&self, interner: &Interner) -> String {
+        format!("throw {}", self.target.to_interned_string(interner))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Throw> for Statement {
+    fn from(trw: Throw) -> Self {
+        Self::Throw(trw)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Throw {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_expression(&self.target)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_expression_mut(&mut self.target)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement/try.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+//! Error handling statements
+
+use crate::try_break;
+use crate::visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut};
+use crate::{
+    declaration::Binding,
+    statement::{Block, Statement},
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString, ToInternedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+/// The `try...catch` statement marks a block of statements to try and specifies a response
+/// should an exception be thrown.
+///
+/// The `try` statement consists of a `try`-block, which contains one or more statements. `{}`
+/// must always be used, even for single statements. At least one `catch`-block, or a
+/// `finally`-block, must be present.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///  - [MDN documentation][mdn]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-TryStatement
+/// [mdn]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/try...catch
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Try {
+    block: Block,
+    handler: ErrorHandler,
+}
+
+/// The type of error handler in a [`Try`] statement.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ErrorHandler {
+    /// A [`Catch`] error handler.
+    Catch(Catch),
+    /// A [`Finally`] error handler.
+    Finally(Finally),
+    /// A [`Catch`] and [`Finally`] error handler.
+    Full(Catch, Finally),
+}
+
+impl Try {
+    /// Creates a new `Try` AST node.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(block: Block, handler: ErrorHandler) -> Self {
+        Self { block, handler }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the `try` block.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn block(&self) -> &Block {
+        &self.block
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the `catch` block, if any.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn catch(&self) -> Option<&Catch> {
+        match &self.handler {
+            ErrorHandler::Catch(c) | ErrorHandler::Full(c, _) => Some(c),
+            ErrorHandler::Finally(_) => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the `finally` block, if any.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn finally(&self) -> Option<&Finally> {
+        match &self.handler {
+            ErrorHandler::Finally(f) | ErrorHandler::Full(_, f) => Some(f),
+            ErrorHandler::Catch(_) => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for Try {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = format!(
+            "{}try {}",
+            "    ".repeat(indentation),
+            self.block.to_indented_string(interner, indentation)
+        );
+
+        if let Some(catch) = self.catch() {
+            buf.push_str(&catch.to_indented_string(interner, indentation));
+        }
+
+        if let Some(finally) = self.finally() {
+            buf.push_str(&finally.to_indented_string(interner, indentation));
+        }
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Try> for Statement {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(try_catch: Try) -> Self {
+        Self::Try(try_catch)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Try {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_block(&self.block));
+        if let Some(catch) = &self.catch() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_catch(catch));
+        }
+        if let Some(finally) = &self.finally() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_finally(finally));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        try_break!(visitor.visit_block_mut(&mut self.block));
+        match &mut self.handler {
+            ErrorHandler::Catch(c) => try_break!(visitor.visit_catch_mut(c)),
+            ErrorHandler::Finally(f) => try_break!(visitor.visit_finally_mut(f)),
+            ErrorHandler::Full(c, f) => {
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_catch_mut(c));
+                try_break!(visitor.visit_finally_mut(f));
+            }
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Catch block.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Catch {
+    parameter: Option<Binding>,
+    block: Block,
+}
+
+impl Catch {
+    /// Creates a new catch block.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(parameter: Option<Binding>, block: Block) -> Self {
+        Self { parameter, block }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the parameter of the catch block.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn parameter(&self) -> Option<&Binding> {
+        self.parameter.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Retrieves the catch execution block.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn block(&self) -> &Block {
+        &self.block
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for Catch {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = " catch".to_owned();
+        if let Some(ref param) = self.parameter {
+            buf.push_str(&format!("({})", param.to_interned_string(interner)));
+        }
+        buf.push_str(&format!(
+            " {}",
+            self.block.to_indented_string(interner, indentation)
+        ));
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Catch {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(binding) = &self.parameter {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_binding(binding));
+        }
+        visitor.visit_block(&self.block)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        if let Some(binding) = &mut self.parameter {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_binding_mut(binding));
+        }
+        visitor.visit_block_mut(&mut self.block)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Finally block.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Finally {
+    block: Block,
+}
+
+impl Finally {
+    /// Gets the finally block.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn block(&self) -> &Block {
+        &self.block
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for Finally {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        format!(
+            " finally {}",
+            self.block.to_indented_string(interner, indentation)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Block> for Finally {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(block: Block) -> Self {
+        Self { block }
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for Finally {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_block(&self.block)
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        visitor.visit_block_mut(&mut self.block)
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/statement_list.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+//! Statement list node.
+
+use super::Declaration;
+use crate::{
+    statement::Statement,
+    try_break,
+    visitor::{VisitWith, Visitor, VisitorMut},
+};
+use boa_interner::{Interner, ToIndentedString};
+use core::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
+/// An item inside a [`StatementList`] Parse Node, as defined by the [spec].
+///
+/// Items in a `StatementList` can be either [`Declaration`]s (functions, classes, let/const declarations)
+/// or [`Statement`]s (if, while, var statement).
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-StatementListItem
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "fuzz", derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum StatementListItem {
+    /// See [`Statement`].
+    Statement(Statement),
+    /// See [`Declaration`].
+    Declaration(Declaration),
+}
+
+impl StatementListItem {
+    /// Returns a node ordering based on the hoistability of each statement.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn hoistable_order(a: &Self, b: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        match (a, b) {
+            (
+                Self::Declaration(Declaration::Function(_)),
+                Self::Declaration(Declaration::Function(_)),
+            ) => Ordering::Equal,
+            (_, Self::Declaration(Declaration::Function(_))) => Ordering::Greater,
+            (Self::Declaration(Declaration::Function(_)), _) => Ordering::Less,
+
+            (_, _) => Ordering::Equal,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for StatementListItem {
+    /// Creates a string of the value of the node with the given indentation. For example, an
+    /// indent level of 2 would produce this:
+    ///
+    /// ```js
+    ///         function hello() {
+    ///             console.log("hello");
+    ///         }
+    ///         hello();
+    ///         a = 2;
+    /// ```
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = "    ".repeat(indentation);
+
+        match self {
+            Self::Statement(stmt) => {
+                buf.push_str(&stmt.to_no_indent_string(interner, indentation));
+            }
+            Self::Declaration(decl) => {
+                buf.push_str(&decl.to_indented_string(interner, indentation));
+            }
+        }
+
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Statement> for StatementListItem {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(stmt: Statement) -> Self {
+        Self::Statement(stmt)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Declaration> for StatementListItem {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(decl: Declaration) -> Self {
+        Self::Declaration(decl)
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for StatementListItem {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Statement(statement) => visitor.visit_statement(statement),
+            Self::Declaration(declaration) => visitor.visit_declaration(declaration),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Self::Statement(statement) => visitor.visit_statement_mut(statement),
+            Self::Declaration(declaration) => visitor.visit_declaration_mut(declaration),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// List of statements.
+///
+/// More information:
+///  - [ECMAScript reference][spec]
+///
+/// [spec]: https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-StatementList
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
+pub struct StatementList {
+    statements: Box<[StatementListItem]>,
+    strict: bool,
+}
+
+impl StatementList {
+    /// Creates a new `StatementList` AST node.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new<S>(statements: S, strict: bool) -> Self
+    where
+        S: Into<Box<[StatementListItem]>>,
+    {
+        Self {
+            statements: statements.into(),
+            strict,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the list of statements.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn statements(&self) -> &[StatementListItem] {
+        &self.statements
+    }
+
+    /// Get the strict mode.
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn strict(&self) -> bool {
+        self.strict
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Box<[StatementListItem]>> for StatementList {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(stm: Box<[StatementListItem]>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            statements: stm,
+            strict: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Vec<StatementListItem>> for StatementList {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(stm: Vec<StatementListItem>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            statements: stm.into(),
+            strict: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToIndentedString for StatementList {
+    fn to_indented_string(&self, interner: &Interner, indentation: usize) -> String {
+        let mut buf = String::new();
+        // Print statements
+        for item in self.statements.iter() {
+            // We rely on the node to add the correct indent.
+            buf.push_str(&item.to_indented_string(interner, indentation));
+
+            buf.push('\n');
+        }
+        buf
+    }
+}
+
+impl VisitWith for StatementList {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        for statement in self.statements.iter() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_statement_list_item(statement));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        for statement in self.statements.iter_mut() {
+            try_break!(visitor.visit_statement_list_item_mut(statement));
+        }
+        ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "fuzz")]
+impl<'a> arbitrary::Arbitrary<'a> for StatementList {
+    fn arbitrary(u: &mut arbitrary::Unstructured<'a>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            statements: u.arbitrary()?,
+            strict: false, // disable strictness; this is *not* in source data
+        })
+    }
+}

javascript-engine/external/boa/boa_ast/src/visitor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,569 @@
+//! ECMAScript Abstract Syntax Tree visitors.
+//!
+//! This module contains visitors which can be used to inspect or modify AST nodes. This allows for
+//! fine-grained manipulation of ASTs for analysis, rewriting, or instrumentation.
+
+use std::ops::ControlFlow;
+
+use crate::{
+    declaration::{
+        Binding, Declaration, LexicalDeclaration, VarDeclaration, Variable, VariableList,
+    },
+    expression::{
+        access::{
+            PrivatePropertyAccess, PropertyAccess, PropertyAccessField, SimplePropertyAccess,
+            SuperPropertyAccess,
+        },
+        literal::{ArrayLiteral, Literal, ObjectLiteral, TemplateElement, TemplateLiteral},
+        operator::{
+            assign::{Assign, AssignTarget},
+            Binary, Conditional, Unary,
+        },
+        Await, Call, Expression, Identifier, New, Optional, OptionalOperation,
+        OptionalOperationKind, Spread, SuperCall, TaggedTemplate, Yield,
+    },
+    function::{
+        ArrowFunction, AsyncArrowFunction, AsyncFunction, AsyncGenerator, Class, ClassElement,
+        FormalParameter, FormalParameterList, Function, Generator, PrivateName,
+    },
+    pattern::{ArrayPattern, ArrayPatternElement, ObjectPattern, ObjectPatternElement, Pattern},
+    property::{MethodDefinition, PropertyDefinition, PropertyName},
+    statement::{
+        iteration::{
+            Break, Continue, DoWhileLoop, ForInLoop, ForLoop, ForLoopInitializer, ForOfLoop,
+            IterableLoopInitializer, WhileLoop,
+        },
+        Block, Case, Catch, Finally, If, Labelled, LabelledItem, Return, Statement, Switch, Throw,
+        Try,
+    },
+    StatementList, StatementListItem,
+};
+use boa_interner::Sym;
+
+/// `Try`-like conditional unwrapping of `ControlFlow`.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! try_break {
+    ($expr:expr) => {
+        match $expr {
+            core::ops::ControlFlow::Continue(c) => c,
+            core::ops::ControlFlow::Break(b) => return core::ops::ControlFlow::Break(b),
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+/// Creates the default visit function implementation for a particular type
+macro_rules! define_visit {
+    ($fn_name:ident, $type_name:ident) => {
+        #[doc = concat!("Visits a `", stringify!($type_name), "` with this visitor")]
+        fn $fn_name(&mut self, node: &'ast $type_name) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            node.visit_with(self)
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+/// Creates the default mutable visit function implementation for a particular type
+macro_rules! define_visit_mut {
+    ($fn_name:ident, $type_name:ident) => {
+        #[doc = concat!("Visits a `", stringify!($type_name), "` with this visitor, mutably")]
+        fn $fn_name(&mut self, node: &'ast mut $type_name) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+            node.visit_with_mut(self)
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+/// Generates the `NodeRef` and `NodeMutRef` enums from a list of variants.
+macro_rules! node_ref {
+    (
+        $(
+            $Variant:ident
+        ),*
+        $(,)?
+    ) => {
+        /// A reference to a node visitable by a [`Visitor`].
+        #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+        #[allow(missing_docs)]
+        pub enum NodeRef<'a> {
+            $(
+                $Variant(&'a $Variant)
+            ),*
+        }
+
+        $(
+            impl<'a> From<&'a $Variant> for NodeRef<'a> {
+                fn from(node: &'a $Variant) -> NodeRef<'a> {
+                    Self::$Variant(node)
+                }
+            }
+        )*
+
+        /// A mutable reference to a node visitable by a [`VisitorMut`].
+        #[derive(Debug)]
+        #[allow(missing_docs)]
+        pub enum NodeRefMut<'a> {
+            $(
+                $Variant(&'a mut $Variant)
+            ),*
+        }
+
+        $(
+            impl<'a> From<&'a mut $Variant> for NodeRefMut<'a> {
+                fn from(node: &'a mut $Variant) -> NodeRefMut<'a> {
+                    Self::$Variant(node)
+                }
+            }
+        )*
+    }
+}
+
+node_ref! {
+    StatementList,
+    StatementListItem,
+    Statement,
+    Declaration,
+    Function,
+    Generator,
+    AsyncFunction,
+    AsyncGenerator,
+    Class,
+    LexicalDeclaration,
+    Block,
+    VarDeclaration,
+    Expression,
+    If,
+    DoWhileLoop,
+    WhileLoop,
+    ForLoop,
+    ForInLoop,
+    ForOfLoop,
+    Switch,
+    Continue,
+    Break,
+    Return,
+    Labelled,
+    Throw,
+    Try,
+    Identifier,
+    FormalParameterList,
+    ClassElement,
+    PrivateName,
+    VariableList,
+    Variable,
+    Binding,
+    Pattern,
+    Literal,
+    ArrayLiteral,
+    ObjectLiteral,
+    Spread,
+    ArrowFunction,
+    AsyncArrowFunction,
+    TemplateLiteral,
+    PropertyAccess,
+    New,
+    Call,
+    SuperCall,
+    Optional,
+    TaggedTemplate,
+    Assign,
+    Unary,
+    Binary,
+    Conditional,
+    Await,
+    Yield,
+    ForLoopInitializer,
+    IterableLoopInitializer,
+    Case,
+    Sym,
+    LabelledItem,
+    Catch,
+    Finally,
+    FormalParameter,
+    PropertyName,
+    MethodDefinition,
+    ObjectPattern,
+    ArrayPattern,
+    PropertyDefinition,
+    TemplateElement,
+    SimplePropertyAccess,
+    PrivatePropertyAccess,
+    SuperPropertyAccess,
+    OptionalOperation,
+    AssignTarget,
+    ObjectPatternElement,
+    ArrayPatternElement,
+    PropertyAccessField,
+    OptionalOperationKind,
+}
+
+/// Represents an AST visitor.
+///
+/// This implementation is based largely on [chalk](https://github.com/rust-lang/chalk/blob/23d39c90ceb9242fbd4c43e9368e813e7c2179f7/chalk-ir/src/visit.rs)'s
+/// visitor pattern.
+pub trait Visitor<'ast>: Sized {
+    /// Type which will be propagated from the visitor if completing early.
+    type BreakTy;
+
+    define_visit!(visit_statement_list, StatementList);
+    define_visit!(visit_statement_list_item, StatementListItem);
+    define_visit!(visit_statement, Statement);
+    define_visit!(visit_declaration, Declaration);
+    define_visit!(visit_function, Function);
+    define_visit!(visit_generator, Generator);
+    define_visit!(visit_async_function, AsyncFunction);
+    define_visit!(visit_async_generator, AsyncGenerator);
+    define_visit!(visit_class, Class);
+    define_visit!(visit_lexical_declaration, LexicalDeclaration);
+    define_visit!(visit_block, Block);
+    define_visit!(visit_var_declaration, VarDeclaration);
+    define_visit!(visit_expression, Expression);
+    define_visit!(visit_if, If);
+    define_visit!(visit_do_while_loop, DoWhileLoop);
+    define_visit!(visit_while_loop, WhileLoop);
+    define_visit!(visit_for_loop, ForLoop);
+    define_visit!(visit_for_in_loop, ForInLoop);
+    define_visit!(visit_for_of_loop, ForOfLoop);
+    define_visit!(visit_switch, Switch);
+    define_visit!(visit_continue, Continue);
+    define_visit!(visit_break, Break);
+    define_visit!(visit_return, Return);
+    define_visit!(visit_labelled, Labelled);
+    define_visit!(visit_throw, Throw);
+    define_visit!(visit_try, Try);
+    define_visit!(visit_identifier, Identifier);
+    define_visit!(visit_formal_parameter_list, FormalParameterList);
+    define_visit!(visit_class_element, ClassElement);
+    define_visit!(visit_private_name, PrivateName);
+    define_visit!(visit_variable_list, VariableList);
+    define_visit!(visit_variable, Variable);
+    define_visit!(visit_binding, Binding);
+    define_visit!(visit_pattern, Pattern);
+    define_visit!(visit_literal, Literal);
+    define_visit!(visit_array_literal, ArrayLiteral);
+    define_visit!(visit_object_literal, ObjectLiteral);
+    define_visit!(visit_spread, Spread);
+    define_visit!(visit_arrow_function, ArrowFunction);
+    define_visit!(visit_async_arrow_function, AsyncArrowFunction);
+    define_visit!(visit_template_literal, TemplateLiteral);
+    define_visit!(visit_property_access, PropertyAccess);
+    define_visit!(visit_new, New);
+    define_visit!(visit_call, Call);
+    define_visit!(visit_super_call, SuperCall);
+    define_visit!(visit_optional, Optional);
+    define_visit!(visit_tagged_template, TaggedTemplate);
+    define_visit!(visit_assign, Assign);
+    define_visit!(visit_unary, Unary);
+    define_visit!(visit_binary, Binary);
+    define_visit!(visit_conditional, Conditional);
+    define_visit!(visit_await, Await);
+    define_visit!(visit_yield, Yield);
+    define_visit!(visit_for_loop_initializer, ForLoopInitializer);
+    define_visit!(visit_iterable_loop_initializer, IterableLoopInitializer);
+    define_visit!(visit_case, Case);
+    define_visit!(visit_sym, Sym);
+    define_visit!(visit_labelled_item, LabelledItem);
+    define_visit!(visit_catch, Catch);
+    define_visit!(visit_finally, Finally);
+    define_visit!(visit_formal_parameter, FormalParameter);
+    define_visit!(visit_property_name, PropertyName);
+    define_visit!(visit_method_definition, MethodDefinition);
+    define_visit!(visit_object_pattern, ObjectPattern);
+    define_visit!(visit_array_pattern, ArrayPattern);
+    define_visit!(visit_property_definition, PropertyDefinition);
+    define_visit!(visit_template_element, TemplateElement);
+    define_visit!(visit_simple_property_access, SimplePropertyAccess);
+    define_visit!(visit_private_property_access, PrivatePropertyAccess);
+    define_visit!(visit_super_property_access, SuperPropertyAccess);
+    define_visit!(visit_optional_operation, OptionalOperation);
+    define_visit!(visit_assign_target, AssignTarget);
+    define_visit!(visit_object_pattern_element, ObjectPatternElement);
+    define_visit!(visit_array_pattern_element, ArrayPatternElement);
+    define_visit!(visit_property_access_field, PropertyAccessField);
+    define_visit!(visit_optional_operation_kind, OptionalOperationKind);
+
+    /// Generic entry point for a node that is visitable by a `Visitor`.
+    ///
+    /// This is usually used for generic functions that need to visit an unnamed AST node.
+    fn visit<N: Into<NodeRef<'ast>>>(&mut self, node: N) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        let node = node.into();
+        match node {
+            NodeRef::StatementList(n) => self.visit_statement_list(n),
+            NodeRef::StatementListItem(n) => self.visit_statement_list_item(n),
+            NodeRef::Statement(n) => self.visit_statement(n),
+            NodeRef::Declaration(n) => self.visit_declaration(n),
+            NodeRef::Function(n) => self.visit_function(n),
+            NodeRef::Generator(n) => self.visit_generator(n),
+            NodeRef::AsyncFunction(n) => self.visit_async_function(n),
+            NodeRef::AsyncGenerator(n) => self.visit_async_generator(n),
+            NodeRef::Class(n) => self.visit_class(n),
+            NodeRef::LexicalDeclaration(n) => self.visit_lexical_declaration(n),
+            NodeRef::Block(n) => self.visit_block(n),
+            NodeRef::VarDeclaration(n) => self.visit_var_declaration(n),
+            NodeRef::Expression(n) => self.visit_expression(n),
+            NodeRef::If(n) => self.visit_if(n),
+            NodeRef::DoWhileLoop(n) => self.visit_do_while_loop(n),
+            NodeRef::WhileLoop(n) => self.visit_while_loop(n),
+            NodeRef::ForLoop(n) => self.visit_for_loop(n),
+            NodeRef::ForInLoop(n) => self.visit_for_in_loop(n),
+            NodeRef::ForOfLoop(n) => self.visit_for_of_loop(n),
+            NodeRef::Switch(n) => self.visit_switch(n),
+            NodeRef::Continue(n) => self.visit_continue(n),
+            NodeRef::Break(n) => self.visit_break(n),
+            NodeRef::Return(n) => self.visit_return(n),
+            NodeRef::Labelled(n) => self.visit_labelled(n),
+            NodeRef::Throw(n) => self.visit_throw(n),
+            NodeRef::Try(n) => self.visit_try(n),
+            NodeRef::Identifier(n) => self.visit_identifier(n),
+            NodeRef::FormalParameterList(n) => self.visit_formal_parameter_list(n),
+            NodeRef::ClassElement(n) => self.visit_class_element(n),
+            NodeRef::PrivateName(n) => self.visit_private_name(n),
+            NodeRef::VariableList(n) => self.visit_variable_list(n),
+            NodeRef::Variable(n) => self.visit_variable(n),
+            NodeRef::Binding(n) => self.visit_binding(n),
+            NodeRef::Pattern(n) => self.visit_pattern(n),
+            NodeRef::Literal(n) => self.visit_literal(n),
+            NodeRef::ArrayLiteral(n) => self.visit_array_literal(n),
+            NodeRef::ObjectLiteral(n) => self.visit_object_literal(n),
+            NodeRef::Spread(n) => self.visit_spread(n),
+            NodeRef::ArrowFunction(n) => self.visit_arrow_function(n),
+            NodeRef::AsyncArrowFunction(n) => self.visit_async_arrow_function(n),
+            NodeRef::TemplateLiteral(n) => self.visit_template_literal(n),
+            NodeRef::PropertyAccess(n) => self.visit_property_access(n),
+            NodeRef::New(n) => self.visit_new(n),
+            NodeRef::Call(n) => self.visit_call(n),
+            NodeRef::SuperCall(n) => self.visit_super_call(n),
+            NodeRef::Optional(n) => self.visit_optional(n),
+            NodeRef::TaggedTemplate(n) => self.visit_tagged_template(n),
+            NodeRef::Assign(n) => self.visit_assign(n),
+            NodeRef::Unary(n) => self.visit_unary(n),
+            NodeRef::Binary(n) => self.visit_binary(n),
+            NodeRef::Conditional(n) => self.visit_conditional(n),
+            NodeRef::Await(n) => self.visit_await(n),
+            NodeRef::Yield(n) => self.visit_yield(n),
+            NodeRef::ForLoopInitializer(n) => self.visit_for_loop_initializer(n),
+            NodeRef::IterableLoopInitializer(n) => self.visit_iterable_loop_initializer(n),
+            NodeRef::Case(n) => self.visit_case(n),
+            NodeRef::Sym(n) => self.visit_sym(n),
+            NodeRef::LabelledItem(n) => self.visit_labelled_item(n),
+            NodeRef::Catch(n) => self.visit_catch(n),
+            NodeRef::Finally(n) => self.visit_finally(n),
+            NodeRef::FormalParameter(n) => self.visit_formal_parameter(n),
+            NodeRef::PropertyName(n) => self.visit_property_name(n),
+            NodeRef::MethodDefinition(n) => self.visit_method_definition(n),
+            NodeRef::ObjectPattern(n) => self.visit_object_pattern(n),
+            NodeRef::ArrayPattern(n) => self.visit_array_pattern(n),
+            NodeRef::PropertyDefinition(n) => self.visit_property_definition(n),
+            NodeRef::TemplateElement(n) => self.visit_template_element(n),
+            NodeRef::SimplePropertyAccess(n) => self.visit_simple_property_access(n),
+            NodeRef::PrivatePropertyAccess(n) => self.visit_private_property_access(n),
+            NodeRef::SuperPropertyAccess(n) => self.visit_super_property_access(n),
+            NodeRef::OptionalOperation(n) => self.visit_optional_operation(n),
+            NodeRef::AssignTarget(n) => self.visit_assign_target(n),
+            NodeRef::ObjectPatternElement(n) => self.visit_object_pattern_element(n),
+            NodeRef::ArrayPatternElement(n) => self.visit_array_pattern_element(n),
+            NodeRef::PropertyAccessField(n) => self.visit_property_access_field(n),
+            NodeRef::OptionalOperationKind(n) => self.visit_optional_operation_kind(n),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Represents an AST visitor which can modify AST content.
+///
+/// This implementation is based largely on [chalk](https://github.com/rust-lang/chalk/blob/23d39c90ceb9242fbd4c43e9368e813e7c2179f7/chalk-ir/src/visit.rs)'s
+/// visitor pattern.
+pub trait VisitorMut<'ast>: Sized {
+    /// Type which will be propagated from the visitor if completing early.
+    type BreakTy;
+
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_statement_list_mut, StatementList);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_statement_list_item_mut, StatementListItem);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_statement_mut, Statement);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_declaration_mut, Declaration);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_function_mut, Function);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_generator_mut, Generator);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_async_function_mut, AsyncFunction);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_async_generator_mut, AsyncGenerator);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_class_mut, Class);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_lexical_declaration_mut, LexicalDeclaration);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_block_mut, Block);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_var_declaration_mut, VarDeclaration);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_expression_mut, Expression);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_if_mut, If);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_do_while_loop_mut, DoWhileLoop);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_while_loop_mut, WhileLoop);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_for_loop_mut, ForLoop);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_for_in_loop_mut, ForInLoop);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_for_of_loop_mut, ForOfLoop);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_switch_mut, Switch);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_continue_mut, Continue);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_break_mut, Break);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_return_mut, Return);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_labelled_mut, Labelled);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_throw_mut, Throw);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_try_mut, Try);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_identifier_mut, Identifier);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_formal_parameter_list_mut, FormalParameterList);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_class_element_mut, ClassElement);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_private_name_mut, PrivateName);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_variable_list_mut, VariableList);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_variable_mut, Variable);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_binding_mut, Binding);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_pattern_mut, Pattern);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_literal_mut, Literal);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_array_literal_mut, ArrayLiteral);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_object_literal_mut, ObjectLiteral);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_spread_mut, Spread);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_arrow_function_mut, ArrowFunction);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_async_arrow_function_mut, AsyncArrowFunction);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_template_literal_mut, TemplateLiteral);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_property_access_mut, PropertyAccess);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_new_mut, New);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_call_mut, Call);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_super_call_mut, SuperCall);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_optional_mut, Optional);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_tagged_template_mut, TaggedTemplate);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_assign_mut, Assign);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_unary_mut, Unary);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_binary_mut, Binary);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_conditional_mut, Conditional);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_await_mut, Await);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_yield_mut, Yield);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_for_loop_initializer_mut, ForLoopInitializer);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_iterable_loop_initializer_mut, IterableLoopInitializer);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_case_mut, Case);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_sym_mut, Sym);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_labelled_item_mut, LabelledItem);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_catch_mut, Catch);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_finally_mut, Finally);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_formal_parameter_mut, FormalParameter);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_property_name_mut, PropertyName);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_method_definition_mut, MethodDefinition);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_object_pattern_mut, ObjectPattern);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_array_pattern_mut, ArrayPattern);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_property_definition_mut, PropertyDefinition);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_template_element_mut, TemplateElement);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_simple_property_access_mut, SimplePropertyAccess);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_private_property_access_mut, PrivatePropertyAccess);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_super_property_access_mut, SuperPropertyAccess);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_optional_operation_mut, OptionalOperation);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_assign_target_mut, AssignTarget);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_object_pattern_element_mut, ObjectPatternElement);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_array_pattern_element_mut, ArrayPatternElement);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_property_access_field_mut, PropertyAccessField);
+    define_visit_mut!(visit_optional_operation_kind_mut, OptionalOperationKind);
+
+    /// Generic entry point for a node that is visitable by a `VisitorMut`.
+    ///
+    /// This is usually used for generic functions that need to visit an unnamed AST node.
+    fn visit<N: Into<NodeRefMut<'ast>>>(&mut self, node: N) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
+        let node = node.into();
+        match node {
+            NodeRefMut::StatementList(n) => self.visit_statement_list_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::StatementListItem(n) => self.visit_statement_list_item_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Statement(n) => self.visit_statement_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Declaration(n) => self.visit_declaration_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Function(n) => self.visit_function_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Generator(n) => self.visit_generator_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::AsyncFunction(n) => self.visit_async_function_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::AsyncGenerator(n) => self.visit_async_generator_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Class(n) => self.visit_class_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::LexicalDeclaration(n) => self.visit_lexical_declaration_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Block(n) => self.visit_block_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::VarDeclaration(n) => self.visit_var_declaration_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Expression(n) => self.visit_expression_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::If(n) => self.visit_if_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::DoWhileLoop(n) => self.visit_do_while_loop_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::WhileLoop(n) => self.visit_while_loop_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::ForLoop(n) => self.visit_for_loop_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::ForInLoop(n) => self.visit_for_in_loop_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::ForOfLoop(n) => self.visit_for_of_loop_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Switch(n) => self.visit_switch_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Continue(n) => self.visit_continue_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Break(n) => self.visit_break_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Return(n) => self.visit_return_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Labelled(n) => self.visit_labelled_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Throw(n) => self.visit_throw_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Try(n) => self.visit_try_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Identifier(n) => self.visit_identifier_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::FormalParameterList(n) => self.visit_formal_parameter_list_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::ClassElement(n) => self.visit_class_element_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::PrivateName(n) => self.visit_private_name_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::VariableList(n) => self.visit_variable_list_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Variable(n) => self.visit_variable_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Binding(n) => self.visit_binding_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Pattern(n) => self.visit_pattern_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Literal(n) => self.visit_literal_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::ArrayLiteral(n) => self.visit_array_literal_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::ObjectLiteral(n) => self.visit_object_literal_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Spread(n) => self.visit_spread_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::ArrowFunction(n) => self.visit_arrow_function_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::AsyncArrowFunction(n) => self.visit_async_arrow_function_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::TemplateLiteral(n) => self.visit_template_literal_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::PropertyAccess(n) => self.visit_property_access_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::New(n) => self.visit_new_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Call(n) => self.visit_call_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::SuperCall(n) => self.visit_super_call_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Optional(n) => self.visit_optional_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::TaggedTemplate(n) => self.visit_tagged_template_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Assign(n) => self.visit_assign_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Unary(n) => self.visit_unary_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Binary(n) => self.visit_binary_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Conditional(n) => self.visit_conditional_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Await(n) => self.visit_await_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Yield(n) => self.visit_yield_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::ForLoopInitializer(n) => self.visit_for_loop_initializer_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::IterableLoopInitializer(n) => self.visit_iterable_loop_initializer_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Case(n) => self.visit_case_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Sym(n) => self.visit_sym_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::LabelledItem(n) => self.visit_labelled_item_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Catch(n) => self.visit_catch_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::Finally(n) => self.visit_finally_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::FormalParameter(n) => self.visit_formal_parameter_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::PropertyName(n) => self.visit_property_name_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::MethodDefinition(n) => self.visit_method_definition_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::ObjectPattern(n) => self.visit_object_pattern_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::ArrayPattern(n) => self.visit_array_pattern_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::PropertyDefinition(n) => self.visit_property_definition_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::TemplateElement(n) => self.visit_template_element_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::SimplePropertyAccess(n) => self.visit_simple_property_access_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::PrivatePropertyAccess(n) => self.visit_private_property_access_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::SuperPropertyAccess(n) => self.visit_super_property_access_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::OptionalOperation(n) => self.visit_optional_operation_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::AssignTarget(n) => self.visit_assign_target_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::ObjectPatternElement(n) => self.visit_object_pattern_element_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::ArrayPatternElement(n) => self.visit_array_pattern_element_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::PropertyAccessField(n) => self.visit_property_access_field_mut(n),
+            NodeRefMut::OptionalOperationKind(n) => self.visit_optional_operation_kind_mut(n),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Denotes that a type may be visited, providing a method which allows a visitor to traverse its
+/// private fields.
+pub trait VisitWith {
+    /// Visit this node with the provided visitor.
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>;
+
+    /// Visit this node with the provided visitor mutably, allowing the visitor to modify private
+    /// fields.
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>;
+}
+
+// implementation for Sym as it is out-of-crate
+impl VisitWith for Sym {
+    fn visit_with<'a, V>(&'a self, _visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: Visitor<'a>,
+    {
+        core::ops::ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+
+    fn visit_with_mut<'a, V>(&'a mut self, _visitor: &mut V) -> ControlFlow<V::BreakTy>
+    where
+        V: VisitorMut<'a>,
+    {
+        core::ops::ControlFlow::Continue(())
+    }
+}